Vertical Profile Analysis of Cloud Feedbacks

Cloud feedback is the largest source of uncertainty in climate sensitivity. This feedback is generally discussed in terms of radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere, but the vertical distribution of the contribution of cloud changes to the top-of-atmosphere cloud feedback should be discussed to understand the feedback in greater detail. We have developed a simple analysis method called “vertical profile analysis of cloud feedback,” which simply uses radiative flux data from each level of the model. The analysis is applied for typical cloud regimes and the results are discussed together with cloud fraction change profiles. The advantages and disadvantages of the vertical profile analysis, compared with the commonly used International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) histogram kernel method, are discussed. Our analysis has the advantage of resolving the detailed vertical profiles of the contribution to the top-of-atmosphere cloud feedback from the changes in cloud regimes associated with warming, such as reduced cloud cover and upward shifts of the cloud layer in subtropical low-cloud regions as well as the increased height of the melting layer in tropical deep convection. The main disadvantage is that the vertical profile analysis cannot represent the feedback components sorted by cloud optical thickness as in the ISCCP histogram kernel method.