在印度西高止山脉利用拮抗微生物和植物生长促进微生物对茶叶水泡病和灰霉病进行可持续管理

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984

K. Murugavel , G. Karthikeyan , M. Raveendran , V. Sendhilvel , A. Sudha , L. Karthiba , K. Venkatesan , P. Nepolean

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引用次数: 0

摘要

水泡病和灰霉病是茶叶中毁灭性的叶部病害。2022-2023 年期间在印度南部进行的一项调查显示，茶叶水泡病和灰霉病的严重程度分别为 22% 至 68% 和 11.41% 至 57.02%。病原体的形态学和分子鉴定显示，Exobasidium vexans 和 Neopestalotiopsis clavispora 是造成印度南部茶叶水泡病和灰霉病的罪魁祸首。叶面喷洒合成杀菌剂的传统管理策略会导致杀菌剂残留在茶叶中，造成环境污染并危害人类健康。为了克服这一问题，目前的研究旨在通过微生物生物控制剂来控制茶叶的水疱病和灰疫病。研究评估了细菌生物防治剂，即枯草芽孢杆菌（BBV57）、淀粉芽孢杆菌（TNAU）、荧光假单胞菌（Pf1）和真菌拮抗剂毛霉（TV1）对这两种枯萎病的防治效果。所有生物制剂都分别大大减少了 E. vexans 和 N. clavispora 的基生孢子萌发和菌丝生长。其中，B. amyloliquefaciens 在体外对 E. vexans basidiospore 的萌发有 88.36% 的抑制作用，对 N. clavispora 的菌丝生长有 85.56% 的抑制作用（P < 0.05）。在田间条件下，土壤和叶面联合施用细菌拮抗剂，即枯草芽孢杆菌、淀粉芽孢杆菌和荧光链球菌，每种细菌的浓度为 1 ˟ 1011 CFU/ml @ 5%，每隔 7 天施用一次，能显著降低水疱病的发病率，第一年和第二年分别比对照降低了 53.53% 和 51.53%，比最初降低了 51.53% 和 43.65%。联合施用还降低了灰枯病的发病率，第一年和第二年分别比对照降低了 53.53% 和 52.00%，比初始降低了 56.81% 和 47.65%。使用生物制剂的处理方法与合成处理方法（如氧氯化铜（0.25%）和己唑醇（0.25%））几乎相当，第一年水疱病和灰霉病发病率分别比对照减少 64.63% 和 64.76%；第二年分别比对照减少 59.74% 和 51.11%（P <0.05）。因此，建议在茶园中应用枯草芽孢杆菌、淀粉芽孢杆菌和荧光粉芽孢杆菌对茶叶水泡病和灰霉病进行可持续管理。

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Sustainable management of blister and grey blight diseases of tea using antagonistic and plant growth promoting microbes in Western Ghats of India

The blister and grey blights are the devastating leaf diseases in tea. The severity of blister and grey blight diseases in tea ranged from 22% to 68% and 11.41%–57.02%, respectively in a survey conducted in Southern India during 2022–2023. The morphological and molecular identifications of pathogens revealed that Exobasidium vexans and Neopestalotiopsis clavispora were responsible for causing blister and grey blights on tea in southern India. The conventional management strategy with foliar spray of synthetic fungicides result in fungicidal residue in tea causes environmental pollution and health hazards to human. To overcome this the current study aims to manage the blister and grey blight diseases of tea through the microbial biocontrol agents. The bacterial biocontrol agents viz., Bacillus subtilis (BBV57), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (TNAU), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1) and the fungal antagonist, Trichoderma asperellum (TV 1) were evaluated for their efficacy against the both blight diseases. All the bio agents have significantly reduced the basidiospore germination and the mycelial growth of E. vexans and N. clavispora, respectively. Among the bio agents, B. amyloliquefaciens registered 88.36% reduction in the germination of E. vexans basidiospore and 85.56% of mycelial growth reduction of N. clavispora in vitro (P < 0.05). Under field conditions the combined soil and foliar application of bacterial antagonists viz., B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and P. fluorescens each with 1 _˟ 10¹¹ CFU/ml @ 5% concentration at 7 days interval significantly reduced the blister blight incidence with 53.53% & 51.53% reduction over control and 51.53% & 43.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. The combined application also reduced the grey blight incidence with 53.53% & 52.00% reduction over control and 56.81% & 47.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. This treatments with bioagents were almost comparable with synthetic treatments, such as copper oxy chloride (0.25%) and hexaconazole (0.25%) with 64.63% and 64.76% reduction of blister and grey blight reduction in first year; 59.74%, 51.11% reduction in second year over control (P < 0.05), respectively. Thus, the application of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and P. fluorescens can be recommended for the sustainable management of tea blister and grey blight diseases in tea gardens.

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来源期刊

Crop Protection 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

3.60%

发文量

200

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics: -Abiotic damage- Agronomic control methods- Assessment of pest and disease damage- Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases- Biological control- Biorational pesticides- Control of animal pests of world crops- Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms- Control of weeds and integrated management- Economic considerations- Effects of plant growth regulators- Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use- Environmental effects of pesticides- Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control- GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications- Importance and control of postharvest crop losses- Integrated control- Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies- Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection- Pesticide application methods- Pest management- Phytobiomes for pest and disease control- Resistance management- Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.