性别对日常抑郁的影响：症状波动及与自我表达的联系

Q3 Psychology

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100839

Ran Yan , Natasha Chaku , Nestor L. Lopez-Duran , Patricia J. Deldin , Adriene M. Beltz

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景抑郁症是一种全球性的健康负担，对女性的影响尤为严重。缺乏考虑到日常症状波动的性别背景（如表达）的情境性真实生活评估可能是造成这种差异的原因之一。本研究探讨了：a) 日常抑郁症状（和波动）的性别差异；b) 自我感觉的性别表达与抑郁症状之间的日常联系。方法成年人（N = 96；Mage = 28.19，SDage = 8.43）参加了一项经过生态验证的多波 100 天强化纵向研究。他们每天报告自己的抑郁症状，并在最后一次研究中报告自己的自我表现。在考虑了基线症状的性别差异（b = -0.05；95 % CI：[-0.093, -0.012]）后，女性的日常症状波动大于男性。一个子样本（n = 28）的结果表明，性别表达与抑郁症状之间的日常联系是不同的：对于 38.5% 的男性和 53.3% 的女性来说，每日一致的性别表达（即男性的阳刚之气和女性的阴柔之美）的增加与每日症状的减少是一致的，但许多人（46.4%）并没有表现出有意义的关系。研究结果还强调了抑郁症病因的异质性，以及对个性化基础科学和应用科学的需求。

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Gender matters for daily depression: Symptom fluctuations and links to self-expression

Background

Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g., expression) of daily symptom fluctuations may contribute to this disparity. The current study examines: a) gender differences in daily depressive symptoms – and fluctuations; and b) daily links between self-perceived gender expression and depressive symptoms.

Methods

Established adults (N = 96; M_age = 28.19, SD_age = 8.43) participated in an ecologically-valid multi-wave 100-day intensive longitudinal study. They reported daily on their depressive symptoms, and on their self-expression in the final study wave. Gender differences in daily symptoms fluctuations (intraindividual standard deviations) and their links to gender expression (person-specific residualized correlations) were examined.

Results

Women experienced greater day-to-day symptom fluctuations than men, after accounting for the gender difference in baseline symptoms (b = -0.05; 95 % CI: [-0.093, -0.012]). Results from a subsample (n = 28) showed that daily links between gender expression and depressive symptoms were heterogeneous: For 38.5 % of men and 53.3 % of women, daily increases in congruent gender expressions (i.e., masculine for men and feminine for women) corresponded with daily symptom decreases, but many individuals (46.4 %) did not show meaningful relations.

Conclusions

Results highlight the utility of intensive longitudinal approaches for the study of depression and, for some people, the daily psychological relations with gender self-perceptions. Results also emphasize heterogeneity in depression etiology and the need for personalized basic and applied science.