Cydonia oblonga extract mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: Analysis of its anti-oral cancer and antioxidant properties

Here, using natural and biological macromolecules derived from Cydonia oblonga extract, we have developed a green protocol for the biogenic made Au NPs. Under ultrasonic activated conditions, the Cydonia oblonga phytomolecules were employed as an efficient green reducing agent for the Au³⁺ ions to the Au⁰ NPs. Additionally, by encapsulating or capping, they allowed the Au NPs to stabilize on their own. Several physicochemical techniques, such as elemental mapping, TEM, FE-SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, EDS, and ICP-OES, were used to analyze the structure of the Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite. The field of medicinal therapeutics pertaining to human health includes cancer treatment as a major component. Subsequently, the as prepared Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite was investigated for antioxidant and human anti-oral cancer assays. In such studies a number of cell lines, viz., HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 were used in determining the cytotoxicity. Notably, Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga exhibit significant anti-oral cancer properties against HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 cancer cell lines following time and dose-dependent manner. The corresponding IC₅₀ values were determined as 201, 192, and 246 µg/mL respectively. DPPH radical scavenging method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite. The significant IC₅₀ value suggested the material having very good antioxidant potential. The anti-human oral cancer effect of our material is believed to be due to its antioxidant effects.