萨赫勒地区阿伦诺尔土壤侵蚀造成的珍珠粟减产及其施肥恢复潜力

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管土壤侵蚀加剧了萨赫勒地区的土壤退化,但其对作物产量的影响(尤其是表土流失)仍不明确。为了解决这个问题,我们研究了通过去除表土模拟水土流失对萨赫勒地区珍珠粟产量的影响。在尼日尔的阿雷诺索尔进行了为期三年的田间试验,研究了不同程度的表土去除(0、1.0、2.5、5.0 和 10 厘米)和施肥(未施肥和施肥)对珍珠粟产量的影响。结果表明,表土移除 2.5 厘米或更高会显著降低谷物产量,根据之前报告的侵蚀率,预计 5-6 年后影响就会显现。在第一年和第三年降雨正常的情况下,在未施肥的条件下,去除 2.5 厘米的表土会导致减产 37%cm-¹,超过了撒哈拉以南非洲其他潮湿至半干旱地区的报告值。相反,移除 1 厘米表土后,谷物产量仍未受到影响。在表土被移除 2.5 厘米和 5.0 厘米的地块中,施肥弥补了谷物产量的损失,但在表土被移除 10 厘米的地块中,施肥并不能有效弥补谷物产量的损失。总之,Ap 薄层的消失明显降低了土壤中植物可利用的水分和养分,导致萨赫勒地区珍珠粟的谷物产量下降。鉴于萨赫勒地区的 Ap 地层薄和土壤侵蚀普遍存在,在土壤侵蚀的早期阶段认识到表土流失并采取对策是避免谷物产量急剧下降的当务之急。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pearl millet yield reduction by soil erosion and its recovery potential through fertilizer application on an Arenosol in the Sahel
Despite the heightened contribution of soil erosion to soil degradation in the Sahel, its impact, particularly topsoil loss, on crop productivity remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of simulated erosion by removing topsoil on the grain yield of pearl millet in the Sahel. Three-year field experiments conducted on an Arenosol in Niger examined different levels of topsoil removal (0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 cm) and fertilization (unfertilized and fertilized) on the grain yield of pearl millet. Results showed that topsoil removal of 2.5 cm or more significantly reduced grain yield, with effects projected to become apparent in 5–6 years based on erosion rates previously reported. Under normal rainfall conditions in the first and third years, 2.5-cm topsoil removal under unfertilized conditions resulted in a yield reduction of 37 % cm⁻¹, surpassing the values reported in other humid to semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Conversely, the grain yield remained unaffected following a 1-cm topsoil removal. Fertilizer application compensated for the grain yield loss in the plots of 2.5- and 5.0-cm topsoil removal but not effectively in the 10-cm removal plot. In conclusion, the loss of the thin Ap horizon markedly reduced plant-available water and nutrients in soils, leading to a decreased grain yield of pearl millet in the Sahel. Given the Ap horizon thinness and soil erosion prevalence in the Sahel, recognizing the topsoil loss in the early stages of soil erosion and implementing countermeasures are imperative to avoid a sharp decline in grain yield.
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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