扭曲性别比例的微生物会抑制杀虫剂抗药性的进化吗?实验测试

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Adam M. Fisher, Amelia-Rose V. McKenzie, Tom A. R. Price, Michael B. Bonsall, Robert J. Knell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们在很大程度上仍然依赖杀虫剂来抑制威胁人类健康和粮食生产的节肢动物害虫,但近来重要害虫物种的抗药性不断增强,降低了杀虫剂的效力。尽管如此,我们对有效限制抗药性进化的策略的了解仍然很薄弱。杀雄性比扭曲微生物(SRDMs),如沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)和螺原体(Spiroplasma),在节肢动物物种中很常见。以前的理论研究表明,它们可能通过两种方式限制适应潜力:首先,它们通过扭曲性别比降低有效种群规模;其次,受感染的雌性不会产生雄性后代,从而限制了基因流动。在这里,我们展示了一项新实验的结果,该实验测试了这两种机制在多大程度上限制了节肢动物对杀虫剂的适应性反应。我们采用全因子设计,在存在和不存在SRDMs的情况下操纵黑腹果蝇实验室种群的成虫性别比例,并将这些种群暴露于六代农药中毒。这种设计可以分别估计SRDMs对性别比的影响及其对基因流的影响。六代之后,性别比例均衡种群的个体对杀虫剂的抗性高于雌性偏向种群的个体。相比之下,我们发现宿主种群中 SRDMs 的存在对杀虫剂抗性没有影响,与性别比例无关。此外,雄蝇比雌蝇更容易对杀虫剂产生抗药性--这一点在来自未接触过杀虫剂和曾接触过杀虫剂的种群的苍蝇中都是如此。这些发现首次实证证明了SRDMs引起的性别比例失调会限制对杀虫剂的适应,但对雄性杀手通过破坏基因流来限制适应的理论效果表示怀疑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Do Sex Ratio Distorting Microbes Inhibit the Evolution of Pesticide Resistance? An Experimental Test

Do Sex Ratio Distorting Microbes Inhibit the Evolution of Pesticide Resistance? An Experimental Test

We are still largely reliant on pesticides for the suppression of arthropod pests which threaten human health and food production, but the recent rise of evolved resistance among important pest species has reduced pesticide efficacy. Despite this, our understanding of strategies that effectively limit the evolution of resistance remains weak. Male-killing sex ratio distorting microbes (SRDMs), such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, are common among arthropod species. Previous theoretical work has suggested that they could limit adaptive potential in two ways: first, because by distorting sex ratios they reduce the effective population size, and second, because infected females produce no male offspring which restricts gene flow. Here we present the results of a novel experiment in which we test the extent by which these two mechanisms limit the adaptive response of arthropods to pesticide. Using a fully factorial design, we manipulated the adult sex ratio of laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster, both in the presence and absence of SRDMs, and exposed these populations to six generations of pesticide poisoning. This design allows the effects of SRDMs on sex ratio and their effects on gene flow to be estimated separately. After six generations, individuals from populations with even sex ratios displayed a higher resistance to pesticide relative to individuals from female-biased populations. By contrast, we found no effect of the presence of SRDMs in host populations on pesticide resistance independent of sex ratio. In addition, males were more susceptible to pesticide than females—this was true of flies from both naïve and previously exposed populations. These findings provide the first empirical proof of concept that sex ratio distortion arising from SRDMs can limit adaptation to pesticides, but cast doubt on the theoretical effect of male-killers limiting adaptation by disrupting gene flow.

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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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