热冲击岩和火裂岩:考古沸石的定义属性

IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Kate Shantry
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究通过对火裂岩(FCR)的分析来研究古代的取暖技术,从而为饮食方式和土地使用的集约化提供信息。过去如何使用火裂岩在全球范围内变化很大,取决于定居点的组织和多种规模的原材料使用等因素。这项分析确定了影响从世界各地多种类型考古遗址中发掘出的火成岩(FCR)断裂力学的热特性。本文有两个目标。首先是确定沸石的宏观诊断属性,沸石是火裂纹岩石的一个子类,可以根据热属性来确定获取和使用年限。在早期研究(Shantry 2020 年)结果的基础上,本文对四种材料类型--玄武岩、玄武安山岩、闪长岩和花岗闪长岩--进行了显微研究,以确定是什么使它们具有抗热震性并更适合用于沸腾任务。在热冲击前后,对这四种材料进行了微探针成像和岩石学研究。结果表明,这些火成岩的强粘结性和光滑纹理影响了它们的抗热震性。皮层上的裂纹、边缘的细圆齿、相交的断裂线和峰值断裂都是热冲击的结果。FCR 的积累涉及与原材料的获取和管理相关的决策。矿物碎屑与其他材料相关联的地貌背景可极大地说明热石使用的性质。不过,熔融碳酸钙通常出现在次要背景或地貌沉积物的外围。如果采样方法能够在地貌背景之外采集到熔融金属铬,那么就有可能提供对加热技术的更精细的了解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Thermally-Shocked and fire-cracked Rock: Defining attributes of archaeological boiling stones
This work investigates ancient heating technologies via fire-cracked rock (FCR) analysis to inform upon foodways and land-use intensification. How FCR was used in the past is quite variable globally, and depends on such factors as the organization of settlements and use of raw materials at multiple scales. This analysis identifies thermal properties that influence fracture mechanics relevant to fire-cracked rock (FCR) recovered from many types of archaeological sites around the world. This article has two goals. The first is to establish macroscopic attributes diagnostic for boiling stones, a sub-class of FCR that can inform on acquisition and use life based on thermal properties. The second is to present sampling considerations for FCR analyses.
Building on results of an earlier study (Shantry 2020), four material types—basalt, basaltic andesite, diorite, and granodiorite—are examined here microscopically to determine what makes them resistant to thermal shock and preferable for boiling tasks. The four material types were imaged on a microprobe and examined petrographically before and after thermal shock. Results show strong bonding and smooth textures influence the resistance to thermal shock in these igneous rocks. Attributes of crazing on cortex, crenulated edges, intersecting fracture lines, and peak fractures were found to be the result of thermal shock.
Sampling for FCR should include a variety of primary and secondary contexts to capture the entire use-life of the materials. Accumulation of FCR involves decisions related to acquisition and management of raw materials. Feature contexts where FCR is associated with other materials greatly inform on the nature of hot rock usage. However, FCR is commonly found in secondary contexts or on the periphery of feature deposits. Sampling methods that can accommodate FCR outside of feature contexts are likely to provide finer-grained understandings of heating technologies.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
405
期刊介绍: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports is aimed at archaeologists and scientists engaged with the application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. The journal focuses on the results of the application of scientific methods to archaeological problems and debates. It will provide a forum for reviews and scientific debate of issues in scientific archaeology and their impact in the wider subject. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports will publish papers of excellent archaeological science, with regional or wider interest. This will include case studies, reviews and short papers where an established scientific technique sheds light on archaeological questions and debates.
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