探索巴基斯坦卡拉奇塔国家公园的植物多样性、生态特征和气候决定因素:对保护和管理的影响

IF 5.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在全球范围内,环境退化促使一些国家加强保护区网络,以阻止生物多样性的丧失。国家公园的设计以科学证据为基础,并提供了一个完整的管理机制,以成功保护生态上最关键和最脆弱的生态系统。然而,要有效管理这些保护区,就必须掌握植物生态系统和环境因素的复杂动态。然而,巴基斯坦的保护区对这些关系的研究却最少。为了填补这一知识空白,本研究调查了巴基斯坦卡拉奇塔国家公园的植被动态和影响植物分布的环境因素。一项全面的植物学调查记录了 60 个研究地点的 203 种植物,揭示了一个由 160 个属和 54 个科的物种组成的多样化植物区系。最多的科是诗科(34 种)、豆科(21 种)、苋科(13 种)和菊科(15 种)。大多数物种为草本植物(49.2%),其次是禾本科植物(16.7%)和灌木(15.2%)。攀缘植物和蕨类植物分别占总数的 1.4% 和 1.9%,高芦苇和莎草共同占植被的 2.9%。从生态学角度看,叶绿体是数量最多的生物(42.8%),其次是半隐生植物(17.7%)和巨隐生植物(8.3%)。对叶片光谱的分析表明,纳米叶是主要类型(36.9%),其次是微叶(33%)。植物地理分布凸显了三个主要集群,亚洲热带、亚洲温带和欧洲占 45% 的物种。通过 TWINSPAN 分析,确定了四个不同的植物群落:Senegalia-Dichanthium-Justica(SDJ)、Neltuma-Lantana-Cannabis(NLC)、Prosopis-Saccharum-Desmostachya(PSD)和Dodonaea-Alhagi-Oxalis(DAO)。每个群落都表现出独特的物种组成和受土壤因素影响的生态梯度。PCA 揭示了特定环境变量与植物群落之间的关联,其中可用磷(AP)和钾(AK)与 NLC 群落相关。同时,总氮(TN)主要与 DAO 群落相关。这些发现强调了土壤保持和可持续土地管理实践对保护卡拉奇塔国家公园内生物多样性和生态系统完整性的重要性。未来的研究应侧重于对植被动态的长期监测以及当地利益相关者参与的合作保护措施,以促进生态系统在环境变化中的恢复能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring botanical diversity, ecological traits, and edaphic determinants in Kala Chitta National Park, Pakistan: Implications for conservation and management
Globally, environmental degradation has prompted several countries to strengthen their protected area networks to halt biodiversity loss. National parks incorporate into their design, are based on scientific evidence, and offer a complete management mechanism to enable successful conservation for the most ecologically critical and vulnerable ecosystem. However, managing these protected areas effectively requires a grasp of the complex dynamics of plant ecosystems and edaphic factors. Nevertheless, Pakistan's protected areas have seen the least investigation of these relationships. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigates the vegetation dynamics and edaphic factors that influence plant distribution in Kala Chitta National Park of Pakistan. A comprehensive botanical survey documented 203 plant species across 60 study sites, revealing a diverse flora comprising species from 160 genera and 54 families. The most abundant families were Poaceae (34 species) and Fabaceae (21 species), Amaranthaceae (13 species) and Asteraceae (15 species). The majority of species were herbaceous (49.2%), followed by grasses (16.7%) and shrubs (15.2%). Climbers and ferns constituted 1.4% and 1.9% of the total, respectively, with co-dominant habits of tall reed and sedge accounting for 2.9% of the vegetation. Ecologically, Therophytes emerged as the most numerous life forms (42.8%), followed by hemicryptophytes (17.7%) and megaphanerophytes (8.3%). Analysis of leaf spectra revealed Nanophylls as the dominant type (36.9%), followed by Microphylls (33%). Phytogeographical distribution highlighted three major clusters, with Asia Tropical, Asia Temperate, and Europe accounting for 45% of species. Four distinct plant communities were identified using TWINSPAN analysis: Senegalia-Dichanthium-Justica (SDJ), Neltuma-Lantana-Cannabis (NLC), Prosopis-Saccharum-Desmostachya (PSD), and Dodonaea-Alhagi-Oxalis (DAO). Each community exhibited unique species compositions and ecological gradients influenced by edaphic factors. PCA revealed associations between specific edaphic variables and plant communities, with available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) linked to the NLC community. At the same time, total nitrogen (TN) was predominantly associated with the DAO community. These findings highlight the importance of soil conservation and sustainable land management practices for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem integrity within Kala Chitta National Park. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring of vegetation dynamics and collaborative conservation initiatives involving local stakeholders to promote ecosystem resilience in the face of environmental change.
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来源期刊
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators
Environmental and Sustainability Indicators Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
57 days
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