Protocolo terapéutico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with obesity and cardiovascular risk is a growing challenge due to the high prevalence of both conditions. This protocol describes therapeutic recommendations based on glycemic control and the cardiovascular benefits of certain drugs. Two classes of drugs with weight and cardiometabolic efficacy stand out: glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1a) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i). This document suggests the joint use of both to reduce cardiovascular risk and promote weight loss. It also describes the role of metabolic surgery as an effective option for the management of DM2 and obesity, as it significantly improves glycemic outcomes and reduces cardiovascular risk. Continuous follow-up is recommended to adjust treatment according to the patient's clinical response and to avoid therapeutic inertia.