人机实验中的需求特征

IF 5.3 2区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNETICS
Olga Iarygina , Kasper Hornbæk , Aske Mottelson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

需求特征指的是能让实验参与者了解假设并影响其行为的线索。它们会导致研究人员错误地推断出并不存在的效应,从而破坏实证研究的实验完整性。尽管实验心理学普遍承认需求特征会产生混淆性影响,但涉及人类和计算机的实验在较小程度上考虑了需求特征的影响,因为计算机化方案被认为不会受到实验者某些偏见的影响。此外,需求特征被认为主要影响主观测量。因此,在涉及计算机的研究中,需求特征往往不受控制,尤其是对客观测量(如性能)而言。在本文中,我们介绍了两个实验,强调了需求特征在人机交互实验中的重要性。在一项文本输入研究中,我们让参与者相信他们正在评估一款基于研究的键盘。这种信念提高了用户的性能和自我报告的用户体验。在第二项研究中,我们进行了一项关于虚拟现实中身体所有权错觉的思想实验,实验设计表明了研究假设。我们发现,即使参与者没有体验到幻觉,他们的反应也符合假设。我们的结论是,需求特征对人机实验的解释和有效性提出了巨大挑战,即使这些实验是完全自动化的。我们讨论了其影响,并提供了减轻需求特征影响的指导原则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Demand characteristics in human–computer experiments
Demand characteristics refer to cues that can inform participants in experiments about the hypothesis and influence their behavior. They lead researchers to erroneously infer non-existing effects, undermining the experimental integrity of empirical studies. Despite a widespread acknowledgment of their confounding influence in experimental psychology, experiments involving humans and computers to a lesser extent consider effects of demand characteristics, as computerized protocols are thought to be immune to some experimenter biases. Furthermore, demand characteristics are considered to mainly effect subjective measures. As a result, demand characteristics often remain uncontrolled in studies involving computers, and in particular for objective measures such as performance.
In this paper, we present two experiments that underline the importance of demand characteristics in human–computer interaction experiments. In a text-entry study, we made participants believe they were evaluating a research-based keyboard. This belief led to increased performance and self-reported user experience. In a second study, we conducted a thought experiment on the illusion of body ownership in virtual reality, where the experimental design indicated the study hypothesis. We found hypothesis-compliant responses from participants, even when they did not experience the illusion. We conclude that demand characteristics pose a significant challenge to the interpretation and validity of human–computer experiments, even when they are fully automated. We discuss the implications and offer guidelines to mitigate effects of demand characteristics.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 工程技术-计算机:控制论
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Human-Computer Studies publishes original research over the whole spectrum of work relevant to the theory and practice of innovative interactive systems. The journal is inherently interdisciplinary, covering research in computing, artificial intelligence, psychology, linguistics, communication, design, engineering, and social organization, which is relevant to the design, analysis, evaluation and application of innovative interactive systems. Papers at the boundaries of these disciplines are especially welcome, as it is our view that interdisciplinary approaches are needed for producing theoretical insights in this complex area and for effective deployment of innovative technologies in concrete user communities. Research areas relevant to the journal include, but are not limited to: • Innovative interaction techniques • Multimodal interaction • Speech interaction • Graphic interaction • Natural language interaction • Interaction in mobile and embedded systems • Interface design and evaluation methodologies • Design and evaluation of innovative interactive systems • User interface prototyping and management systems • Ubiquitous computing • Wearable computers • Pervasive computing • Affective computing • Empirical studies of user behaviour • Empirical studies of programming and software engineering • Computer supported cooperative work • Computer mediated communication • Virtual reality • Mixed and augmented Reality • Intelligent user interfaces • Presence ...
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