在马达加斯加高原低产环境下优化低地水稻生产的插秧密度

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景撒哈拉以南非洲地区的水稻产量较低,仅为 2.1 吨/公顷。提高产量是该地区粮食安全和环境保护面临的严峻挑战。然而,小农获得灌溉、矿物肥料和改良作物品种的机会有限。即使是资源有限的农民也能轻松操作的一种方法是优化种植密度。本研究旨在确定在低产条件下密集插秧对低地水稻产量的影响,目标范围低于 5 吨/公顷。方法在马达加斯加中部高地进行了多田试验,移栽密度分别为 25-26.7 丘 m-2、50-53.3 丘 m-2 和 88.9 丘 m-2 三倍。从插秧到成熟期,利用数字图像分析对冠层覆盖率和累积截获辐射(CIR)进行了监测。结果在 1.8 吨/公顷-1-4.4 吨/公顷的产量范围内,将密度从 25.0-26.7 丘 m-2 提高一倍至 50.0-53.3 丘 m-2,可持续提高产量约 0.4 吨/公顷。当产量范围为 1.9-2.3 吨/公顷时,将移栽密度增加三倍,达到 88.9 丘 m-2,产量进一步提高。较高的移栽密度带来的产量优势归因于生长初期较大的 CIR 和显著增加的圆锥花序数。家庭调查和实地观察表明,增产的收益是种子量增加一倍的额外成本的三倍多。当产量水平高于 5 吨/公顷或低于 1.3 吨/公顷时,由于低温胁迫导致谷物肥力大幅下降,改变移栽密度没有观察到明显的产量差异。结论 在单株生长停滞的低产条件下,建议采用相对较高的移栽密度 50-53.还需要进一步研究,以确定这些发现是否适用于更温暖的气候条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimizing transplanting densities for lowland rice production under low-yielding environments in the Madagascar highlands

Context

Rice yield is low at 2.1 t ha−1 in sub-Saharan Africa. Increased yield is a critical challenge to food security and environmental conservation in this region. However, smallholder farmers have limited access to irrigation, mineral fertilizers, and improved crop varieties. One approach that even resource-limited farmers can easily manipulate is to optimize planting densities. However, there is limited empirical evidence to provide technical recommendations under such low-yielding conditions.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the effect of dense transplanting on lowland rice yields under low-yielding conditions, with a target range below 5 t ha−1.

Methods

Multi-field trials were implemented with transplanting densities of a regular rate at 25–26.7 hills m−2, a doubled rate at 50–53.3 hills m−2, and a tripled rate at 88.9 hills m−2 in the central highlands of Madagascar, where rice yields are limited by nutrient deficiency and low temperature. Canopy coverage and cumulative intercepted radiation (CIR) were monitored from transplantation to maturity using digital imagery analysis. Field observations (n=306) and four-year household surveys (n=356) were combined to calculate the costs and benefits of changing transplanting densities.

Results

Doubling densities from 25.0–26.7 hills m−2 to 50.0–53.3 hills m−2 had a consistent yield advantage by approximately 0.4 t ha−1 across a yield range of 1.8 t ha−1–4.4 t ha−1. The yield was further increased by tripling the transplanting densities to 88.9 hills m−2 when the yield range was 1.9–2.3 t ha−1. The yield advantage of higher transplanting densities was attributed to a greater CIR at the initial growth stages and a significantly greater panicle number. Household surveys and field observations indicated that the benefit of yield gain was more than three times greater than the additional cost of doubling the seed amounts. No significant yield differences were observed by changing the transplanting densities when the yield level was higher than 5 t ha−1 or lower than 1.3 t ha−1 where substantial reductions in grain fertility occurred owing to low-temperature stress.

Conclusions

A relatively high transplanting density of 50–53.3 hills m−2 or even higher is recommended to ensure initial canopy development and panicle number in low-yielding conditions where individual plant growth is stagnant, except in fields with high risks of grain set failure.

Implications

This study provides an easy-to-use opportunity for smallholder farmers to increase their rice yield. Further studies are required to determine whether these findings apply to warmer climatic conditions.
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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