DISCREPANCIES IN AMI MORTALITY IN THE US SOUTHERN BORDER REGION 1999-2020

Therapeutic Area

ASCVD/CVD in Special Populations

Background

The US-Mexican border region (BR) faces distinct demographic and health challenges. Analyzing premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality disparities can inform targeted health strategies.

Methods

Mortality data for premature AMI (<55y men, <65y women) from 1999-2019 were extracted from CDC death certificate data. ANOVA tests were done for race & BR, and for Hispanic origin & BR. Join point regression with tests for parallelism was applied to significant ANOVA subsets to analyze time trends.

Results

ANOVA revealed significantly higher mortality rates for Hispanics in the BR. Join point regression indicated parallel downtrends in mortality for non-Hispanics in both areas with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of –2.4916 (p<0.05). Hispanic mortality trended up in the BR (AAPC = +1.2886, p<0.05) and down in the non-BR (AAPC = -1.1370, p<0.05). The parallelism test was refuted for Hispanic groups, with two observed trends in the non-BR: significant downtrend with an annual percentage change (APC) of -2.7949 (p<0.05) from 1999-2009 and no significant change post-2009.

Conclusions

Hispanic groups in the US-Mexican border region face higher premature AMI mortality rates. AMI mortality trended down improved for non-Hispanic groups and Hispanic groups in the non-BNR, while Hispanic border region rates are consistently rising worsening despite improvements in myocardial infarction treatment standards. This highlights the need to further investigate specific challenges and methods to improve in cardiovascular health post myocardial infarction care faced by Latinx communities in the US-Mexican border region.