被动和主动靶向巨噬细胞的生物材料可促进受伤组织的再生

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引用次数: 0

摘要

免疫系统的调节在再生医学中备受关注。虽然大多数组织具有内在的自我修复能力,但大面积缺损和复杂的病理条件仍可能导致组织微环境失衡和修复失败。研究人员已将巨噬细胞介导的免疫治疗策略应用于各种损伤组织的修复,通过调节炎症反应、细胞间通讯和多组织协同作用来恢复免疫微环境的平衡,促进组织再生。材料科学的不断进步凸显了生物材料的精确免疫调节作用,基于材料理化特性的被动靶向策略和基于特定分子修饰的主动靶向策略在研究中变得越来越重要。本综述重点探讨主动和被动靶向生物材料调节巨噬细胞的作用机制,巨噬细胞通过四种基本策略改善组织再生微环境:(i) 调节炎症反应以清除受损细胞、细胞碎片和病原体;(ii) 重塑细胞外基质;(iii) 重建血管组织;(iv) 巨噬细胞-干细胞串联。这篇综述涵盖了巨噬细胞在损伤组织再生中的主要作用机制,同时探讨了先进生物材料靶向巨噬细胞的多种方法,并重点介绍了它们在各种组织损伤再生中的应用。我们还进一步讨论了巨噬细胞调控生物材料的未来发展方向和目前的局限性,旨在推进以巨噬细胞为靶标的生物材料的发展,充分发挥免疫疗法的潜力,实现精准医疗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biomaterials that passively and actively target macrophages promote the regeneration of injured tissues
Modulation of the immune system has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. Although most tissues possess intrinsic self-repair capabilities, large-sized defects and complex pathological conditions may still lead to tissue microenvironment imbalance and repair failure. Researchers have applied macrophage-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies to various injured tissue repairs by modulating inflammatory responses, intercellular communication, and multitissue synergies to restore immune microenvironmental homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration. Ongoing advancements in materials science have highlighted the precise immunomodulatory role of biomaterials, with passive targeting strategies based on the material's physicochemical properties and active targeting strategies based on specific molecular modifications becoming increasingly important in research. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action of actively and passively targeted biomaterials to modulate macrophages, which improve the tissue regenerative microenvironment through four basic strategies: (i) modulation of the inflammatory response to remove damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens; (ii) remodeling of the extracellular matrix; (iii) reconstruction of vascular tissues; and (iv) macrophage-stem cell crosstalk. This review covers the major mechanisms of macrophage action in the regeneration of injured tissues, while exploring the multiple methods by which advanced biomaterials target macrophages and highlighting their applications in the regeneration of a wide range of tissue injuries. We further discuss the future directions and current limitations in the development of biomaterials for macrophage modulation, aiming to advance biomaterials targeting macrophages, realize the full potential of immunotherapy, and achieve precision medicine.
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