A comprehensive review on direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology by adsorption: From fundamentals to applications

There is an increasing incentive to explore effective ways to capture CO₂ from the air to address the rising levels and the ensuing energy climate challenges. Direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology is an avenue in this endeavor, which has garnered significant interest due to its potential to achieve carbon-negative emissions and align with the imperatives of sustainable development and climate control. This article examines the latest advancements in DAC technology and its underlying principles, with a specific emphasis on the crucial function of adsorbents. In this paper, we extend the theories of conservation of energy and mass and ideal adsorption solution to the adsorption process of DAC and provide a computational framework for the analysis of this process Furthermore, it endeavors to elucidate the intricate interplay of systems and devices integral to DAC technology, offering insights into the various facets of its implementation. In closing, the article conducts an assessment and offers a brief overview of the present condition of DAC technology, highlighting its possibilities and constraints in the wider scope of carbon capture and climate mitigation endeavors. By encompassing all these aspects, this comprehensive exploration aims to offer a holistic understanding of DAC technology and its significance in the ongoing quest for mitigating CO₂ emissions. The review also lists the current application of DAC technology in practice, and compare its economic benefits.