Next-generation smart biomaterials for storage and extraction of bioanalytical samples: Current standing and path forward

Smart biomaterials are gaining increasing importance in the field of bioanalytical sciences because of the unique ability to change their inherent properties as per need. Recently, many advancements have been witnessed in the storage techniques of biological samples in solid state. Among these, dried blood spot and dried plasma spot methods have unique advantages as cutting-edge approaches. However, such methods are capable to accommodate only a very low volume of sample. To overcome this limitation, the application of smart biomaterial for the storage and extraction of biological samples is now being widely explored. The primary focus of this review is to assess the potential of smart biomaterial for the storage and extraction of bioanalytical samples. The applicability of biomaterials as sorbents for bioanalytical sample extraction and storage emphasizing their unique nature, characterization techniques, and constraints are critically evaluated in this review. Furthermore, applications of biomaterials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and 3D-printing showcasing their potential to address key challenges in healthcare have been discussed. This review provides a clear-insights into the future directions of smart biomaterial as a sorbent for bioanalytical sample preparation and storage. Interdisciplinary collaboration and translational efforts are identified as a need of the hour to harness the full potential of smart biomaterials in clinical applications.