Exploring the dynamics of the heavy magnetized dusty plasma in laboratory experiments and solar wind interaction with lunar terminator: Theoretical predictions into the role of polarization force

This study is motivated by the lack of research that connects the dynamics of space dusty plasma (DP) with the existing experimental findings and the role of the magnetic field in the case of massive DP. For that purpose, we presented a theoretical interpretation of the dynamics of strongly (experimental) and weakly (space) magnetized DP, including the influence of the polarization force (PF). We used the multifluid model to describe the dynamics of dust particles while the hot plasma of electrons and ions is described by the Boltzmann distribution. We derived the dispersion relation to investigate the behavior of the compressive dust-acoustic waves (DAWs). To get a full picture of the mechanism of dust particles, we used the reductive perturbation technique to obtain the periodic solution for the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation (ZK), which is coincidental with the observed wave profiles. In the case of the experimental application, we observed that the non-propagating instability starts at a small value of the polarization parameter ($R$), which is 0.02. Therefore, for values of $R$ less than 0.02, the linear analysis revealed that increasing the value of the polarization parameter is not significant in distinguishing the growth rates. Moreover, we noted that both $R$ and the applied magnetic field enhance the strength of the wave electric field. Interestingly, calculating the value of the electric field required to levitate the dust particles that are subject to a high magnetic field agrees with our theoretical findings. The current model has also been applied to DP observed in the lunar terminator. Our results reveal no role for the PF in the lunar terminator. The analysis conducted using the New Hampshire Dispersion Relation Solver (NHDS) confirms the dominance of electrostatic modes in response to the solar wind interaction with the lunar terminator. Moreover, at certain values of plasma parameters such as the temperature of solar wind electrons and ions and the density of dust particles and solar wind electrons, there is a cutoff in the fluid dispersion curve corresponding to certain values of the normalized wavenumber. Such electrostatic profiles could contribute to the observed glow in the horizontal direction of the lunar terminator.