Low concentrations of imidacloprid affect the survival of Tetragona clavipes in a short period of exposure (24 h)

Neonicotinoid pesticides are widely used to control insect pests in agriculture and livestock production. However, they have been found to negatively affect bees, especially Apis mellifera. Despite this, little research has been conducted on the impact of neonicotinoids on other bee species, including native ones. This study aimed to assess the risks to native bees exposed to low concentrations of imidacloprid (IMI). The Tetragona clavipes (bee native to Brazil) were exposed to eight concentrations of IMI-based insecticide, through contaminated food or mist (350 µL/min) for 24 h. The LC_10-24 h, LC_50-24 h, LC_90-24 h in acute topical effect (ATE) and acute residual effect (ARE) of IMI-based insecticide against bees were calculated. The LC_10-24 h, LC_50-24 h, and LC_90-24 h in ARE were found to be more toxic compared to ATE. In summary, the study highlights that even low levels of IMI can significantly reduce bee survival within 24 h. The urgency to tackle the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on native bee populations is evident. Preserving bees is crucial for ensuring sustainability, food security, and ecosystem integrity. Responsible pesticide management and conservation efforts are pivotal in safeguarding pollinators and upholding ecological balance.