Effect of the Reduction during Cold Rolling on the Phase Composition, Texture, and Residual Stresses in 20Kh15AN3MD2 Steel

X-ray diffraction is used to determine the influence of the reduction during cold rolling of wedge steel 20Kh15AN3MD2 samples on the quantitative phase composition, the texture, and the residual macrostresses in the α and γ phases. When the reduction increases, the fraction of the γ phase decreases from 82% in the initial hot-rolled state to 74% at a 10% reduction and to 60% when the reduction increases to 70%. The type of austenite texture is characterized by the components typical of the rolling texture of fcc metals, namely, the “brass” texture ({110}〈112〉). It does not change at a 10% reduction, then increases significantly at a 20% reduction, and remains the same up to a 70% reduction. The texture of the α phase is characterized by three components, namely, {110}〈110〉, {211}〈110〉, and {001}〈110〉. The first two components are the transformation textures, which dominate in the initial state; after a reduction of 30%, the third component, which corresponds to the rolling texture of the bcc α phase, increases. The estimation of residual stresses shows that compressive stresses of 600–1100 MPa form in the γ phase and tensile stresses of 1200–1600 MPa form in the α phase.