Regulatory factors of ILC2 are therapeutic targets for lung inflammation

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important class of innate immune cells that play a key role in regulating immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and participating in immune responses induced by inflammatory diseases. In lung inflammation, ILC2s drive the inflammatory response by secreting type 2 cytokines, and have a significant role in tissue repair and the maintenance of barrier function by secreting IL-9 and antimicrobial peptides. ILC2s activation and function are affected by various regulatory factors, including epithelial-derived alarmins such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, neurotransmitters, metabolites and hormones. These regulatory factors affect the development and activation of ILC2s through signaling pathways under different pathological conditions. An in-depth study of regulatory factors is expected to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of lung inflammation.