Nikki S Jafarzadeh, Dae Hee Han, Natalia Peraza, Marissa K Anderson, Alyssa F Harlow, John R Monterosso, Raina D Pang, Tyler B Mason, Kurt Hong, Rael Cahn, Adam M Leventhal
{"title":"有糖果营销主题与无糖果营销主题的包装对风味电子烟的吸引力和感官属性的影响。","authors":"Nikki S Jafarzadeh, Dae Hee Han, Natalia Peraza, Marissa K Anderson, Alyssa F Harlow, John R Monterosso, Raina D Pang, Tyler B Mason, Kurt Hong, Rael Cahn, Adam M Leventhal","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058904","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>E-cigarettes with candy-themed marketing are implicated in decisions to first try e-cigarettes but have unknown effects on the experience of vaping. We compared adults' perceived appeal and sensory attributes after self-administering flavoured e-cigarettes in experimentally manipulated packaging with candy-themed versus standard marketing. We also assessed effect modification by salt vs free-base nicotine formulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults who currently used e-cigarettes and/or cigarettes (N=72; age M(SD)=31.4 (12.8) years) completed single-puff self-administrations from eight individually-packaged pods containing fruit or dessert-flavoured e-liquid via staff-guided video sessions. For each e-liquid flavour, we custom-manufactured packaging with standard (eg, 'mango'; mango fruit image) and candy (eg, 'mango gummy bear'; gummy bear image) marketing versions, which we varied within-subject (four pods candy; four pods standard). After participants opened the package and vaped the pod inside, they rated its sensory attributes and appeal (0-100 scale). Participants were randomised between subjects to salt or free-base ~2.3% nicotine in all pods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marketing theme had no significant main effects on outcomes. Marketing theme × nicotine formulation interactions were significant; candy-themed (vs standard) packaging elevated composite appeal (B<sub>difference [estimated mean difference between marketing themes]</sub>=7.7), liking (B<sub>difference</sub>=8.4), and sweetness (B<sub>difference</sub>=5.7) ratings in free-base but not salt nicotine formulations. Marketing theme did not affect smoothness, harshness and bitterness ratings regardless of nicotine formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Candy-themed marketing may heighten the appeal and sweet sensory experience of vaping flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes. While marketing restrictions are predominantly intended to prevent e-cigarette initiation, candy-themed marketing restrictions could also prevent persistent use by lowering the appeal of flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of packaging with versus without candy-oriented marketing themes on the appeal and sensory attributes of flavoured e-cigarettes.\",\"authors\":\"Nikki S Jafarzadeh, Dae Hee Han, Natalia Peraza, Marissa K Anderson, Alyssa F Harlow, John R Monterosso, Raina D Pang, Tyler B Mason, Kurt Hong, Rael Cahn, Adam M Leventhal\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/tc-2024-058904\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>E-cigarettes with candy-themed marketing are implicated in decisions to first try e-cigarettes but have unknown effects on the experience of vaping. We compared adults' perceived appeal and sensory attributes after self-administering flavoured e-cigarettes in experimentally manipulated packaging with candy-themed versus standard marketing. We also assessed effect modification by salt vs free-base nicotine formulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults who currently used e-cigarettes and/or cigarettes (N=72; age M(SD)=31.4 (12.8) years) completed single-puff self-administrations from eight individually-packaged pods containing fruit or dessert-flavoured e-liquid via staff-guided video sessions. For each e-liquid flavour, we custom-manufactured packaging with standard (eg, 'mango'; mango fruit image) and candy (eg, 'mango gummy bear'; gummy bear image) marketing versions, which we varied within-subject (four pods candy; four pods standard). After participants opened the package and vaped the pod inside, they rated its sensory attributes and appeal (0-100 scale). Participants were randomised between subjects to salt or free-base ~2.3% nicotine in all pods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marketing theme had no significant main effects on outcomes. Marketing theme × nicotine formulation interactions were significant; candy-themed (vs standard) packaging elevated composite appeal (B<sub>difference [estimated mean difference between marketing themes]</sub>=7.7), liking (B<sub>difference</sub>=8.4), and sweetness (B<sub>difference</sub>=5.7) ratings in free-base but not salt nicotine formulations. Marketing theme did not affect smoothness, harshness and bitterness ratings regardless of nicotine formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Candy-themed marketing may heighten the appeal and sweet sensory experience of vaping flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes. While marketing restrictions are predominantly intended to prevent e-cigarette initiation, candy-themed marketing restrictions could also prevent persistent use by lowering the appeal of flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23145,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Tobacco Control\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Tobacco Control\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058904\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tobacco Control","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058904","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of packaging with versus without candy-oriented marketing themes on the appeal and sensory attributes of flavoured e-cigarettes.
Significance: E-cigarettes with candy-themed marketing are implicated in decisions to first try e-cigarettes but have unknown effects on the experience of vaping. We compared adults' perceived appeal and sensory attributes after self-administering flavoured e-cigarettes in experimentally manipulated packaging with candy-themed versus standard marketing. We also assessed effect modification by salt vs free-base nicotine formulation.
Methods: Adults who currently used e-cigarettes and/or cigarettes (N=72; age M(SD)=31.4 (12.8) years) completed single-puff self-administrations from eight individually-packaged pods containing fruit or dessert-flavoured e-liquid via staff-guided video sessions. For each e-liquid flavour, we custom-manufactured packaging with standard (eg, 'mango'; mango fruit image) and candy (eg, 'mango gummy bear'; gummy bear image) marketing versions, which we varied within-subject (four pods candy; four pods standard). After participants opened the package and vaped the pod inside, they rated its sensory attributes and appeal (0-100 scale). Participants were randomised between subjects to salt or free-base ~2.3% nicotine in all pods.
Results: Marketing theme had no significant main effects on outcomes. Marketing theme × nicotine formulation interactions were significant; candy-themed (vs standard) packaging elevated composite appeal (Bdifference [estimated mean difference between marketing themes]=7.7), liking (Bdifference=8.4), and sweetness (Bdifference=5.7) ratings in free-base but not salt nicotine formulations. Marketing theme did not affect smoothness, harshness and bitterness ratings regardless of nicotine formulation.
Conclusion: Candy-themed marketing may heighten the appeal and sweet sensory experience of vaping flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes. While marketing restrictions are predominantly intended to prevent e-cigarette initiation, candy-themed marketing restrictions could also prevent persistent use by lowering the appeal of flavoured free-base nicotine e-cigarettes.
期刊介绍：
Tobacco Control is an international peer-reviewed journal covering the nature and consequences of tobacco use worldwide; tobacco''s effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and society; efforts to prevent and control the global tobacco epidemic through population-level education and policy changes; the ethical dimensions of tobacco control policies; and the activities of the tobacco industry and its allies.
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