Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness in Pediatric Patients: A Critical Assessment of Usage Rate.

Objective: To assess the usage rate of pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) for single-sided deafness (SSD).

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric referral center.

Patients: Pediatric patients who underwent CI for SSD.

Interventions: CI with requisite audiometric follow-up.

Main outcome measures: Device use and audiometric testing.

Results: Sixty-six patients were implanted for SSD between 8/2015 and 7/2023 at a median age of 4.7 years (interquartile range, 1.7-7.7 yr). The cause of hearing loss was unknown in the majority of cases (28 patients, 42%), with cytomegalovirus being the most common known cause (17 patients, 26%). Hearing loss was prelingual in 38 patients (58%). Post-implantation, 12 patients (18%) were identified as lost to follow-up. For the remaining 54 patients, the median length of audiometric follow-up was 1.4 years (interquartile range, 0.9-2.2 yr). At last evaluation, only 10 of these 54 patients (19%) were designated as users (≥6 h per day), and 13 patients (24%) were designated as limited users (>2 but <6 h per day). Of patients capable of performing speech-in-noise testing (n = 13), 11 patients (85%) showed improvement on BKB-SIN SNR-50 testing with their implant on versus off with a mean improvement of 3 dB. Notably, 4 of these 11 patients (36%) were categorized as nonusers despite this benefit.

Conclusions: Despite audiometric benefit from CI in the pediatric SSD population, usage rates over time remain markedly lower than anticipated at a high-volume, well-resourced tertiary care pediatric center. No influencing factors were identified, warranting critical assessment to ensure appropriate resource allocation.