Franziska Busch, Otávio dos Anjos Leal, Nina Siebers, Nicolas Brüggemann
{"title":"生物炭以易于提取和保留力强的形式捕获铵和硝酸盐,在堆肥过程中不会刺激温室气体排放。","authors":"Franziska Busch, Otávio dos Anjos Leal, Nina Siebers, Nicolas Brüggemann","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20634","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (N<sub>min</sub>: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces N<sub>2</sub>O formation. However, associating N<sub>min</sub> captured by biochar with the dynamics of N<sub>2</sub>O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4–8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions, N<sub>min</sub> content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and N<sub>min</sub> content (mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in compost. However, the final NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> amount (g compost pile<sup>−1</sup>) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>–N kg<sup>−1</sup> (44%, strongly retained). Although N<sub>min</sub> retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover N<sub>min</sub> from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"1099-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20634","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting\",\"authors\":\"Franziska Busch, Otávio dos Anjos Leal, Nina Siebers, Nicolas Brüggemann\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jeq2.20634\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (N<sub>min</sub>: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces N<sub>2</sub>O formation. However, associating N<sub>min</sub> captured by biochar with the dynamics of N<sub>2</sub>O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4–8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions, N<sub>min</sub> content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and N<sub>min</sub> content (mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in compost. However, the final NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> amount (g compost pile<sup>−1</sup>) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>–N kg<sup>−1</sup> (44%, strongly retained). Although N<sub>min</sub> retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover N<sub>min</sub> from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15732,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of environmental quality\",\"volume\":\"53 6\",\"pages\":\"1099-1115\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20634\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of environmental quality\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jeq2.20634\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of environmental quality","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jeq2.20634","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting
During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (Nmin: NH4+ and NO3−) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces N2O formation. However, associating Nmin captured by biochar with the dynamics of N2O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4–8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions, Nmin content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and 13C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and Nmin content (mg kg−1) in compost. However, the final NO3− amount (g compost pile−1) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO3− losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH4+, mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO3− content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO3− content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO3−–N kg−1 (44%, strongly retained). Although Nmin retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N2O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover Nmin from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.
期刊介绍:
Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring.
Contributions are accepted from all disciplines for consideration by the editorial board. Manuscripts may be volunteered, invited, or coordinated as a special section or symposium.