甜瓜植株的韧皮部汁液中含有细胞外囊泡,囊泡中含有活性蛋白酶体,蚜虫侵袭时活性蛋白酶体会增加。

IF 15.5 1区 医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Christian M. Sánchez-López, Carla Soler, Elisa Garzo, Alberto Fereres, Pedro Pérez-Bermúdez, Antonio Marcilla
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高等植物的形态发生需要远距离器官之间通过维管组织(木质部和韧皮部)进行交流。大量研究表明,韧皮部也是信号分子的分布途径,而且观察到由汁液转运的不同大分子(包括核酸和蛋白质)在胁迫情况下会发生变化。尽管人们对细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的作用知之甚少,但有人认为细胞外囊泡 (EV) 参与了这种交流。事实上,在过去的十年中,EVs 在植物中的存在引发了巨大的争议,主要关注点包括其来源、分离方法,甚至植物纳米囊泡的适当命名。通过茎部切口收集了无蚜或有蚜的甜瓜植株的韧皮部汁液渗出物。经树液浓缩(Amicon)后,用尺寸排阻色谱法分离出韧皮部 EVs(PhlEVs)。利用纳米粒子跟踪分析、透射电子显微镜和蛋白质组分析对 PhlEVs 进行了表征。在这里,我们证实了体内韧皮部汁液中存在EVs,并检测到PhlEVs的颗粒/蛋白质比例和组成在昆虫取食时发生了变化,揭示了其货物中存在典型的防御蛋白质以及蛋白酶体复合物的成分。与无蚜虫植物的 PhlEV 相比,受虫害植物的 PhlEV 显示出较低的颗粒/蛋白质比率和几乎两倍的蛋白水解活性。在这两种情况下,蛋白酶体抑制剂 MG132 都能以剂量依赖的方式抑制这种活性。我们的研究结果表明,植物可能会利用这种机制为接收传染性病原体做好准备,这也为真核生物在进化过程中形成一种防御病原体/压力的保守机制提供了可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Phloem sap from melon plants contains extracellular vesicles that carry active proteasomes which increase in response to aphid infestation

Phloem sap from melon plants contains extracellular vesicles that carry active proteasomes which increase in response to aphid infestation

The morphogenesis of higher plants requires communication among distant organs throughout vascular tissues (xylem and phloem). Numerous investigations have demonstrated that phloem also act as a distribution route for signalling molecules being observed that different macromolecules translocated by the sap, including nucleic acids and proteins, change under stress situations. The participation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this communication has been suggested, although little is known about their role. In fact, in the last decade, the presence of EVs in plants has originated a great controversy, where major concerns arose from their origin, isolation methods, and even the appropriate nomenclature for plant nanovesicles. Phloem sap exudates from melon plants, either aphid-free or infested with Aphis gossypii, were collected by stem incision. After sap concentration (Amicon), phloem EVs (PhlEVs) were isolated by size exclusion chromatography. PhlEVs were characterised using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis. Here we confirm the presence of EVs in phloem sap in vivo and the detection of changes in the particles/protein ratio and composition of PhlEVs in response to insect feeding, revealing the presence of typical defence proteins in their cargo as well as components of the proteasome complex. PhlEVs from infested plants showed lower particles/protein ratio and almost two times more proteolytic activity than PhlEVs from aphid-free plants. In both cases, such activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results suggest that plants may use this mechanism to prepare themselves to receive infectious agents and open up the possibility of an evolutionary conserved mechanism of defence against pathogens/stresses in eukaryotic organisms.

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来源期刊
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Cell Biology
CiteScore
27.30
自引率
4.40%
发文量
115
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Extracellular Vesicles is an open access research publication that focuses on extracellular vesicles, including microvesicles, exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic bodies. It serves as the official journal of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and aims to facilitate the exchange of data, ideas, and information pertaining to the chemistry, biology, and applications of extracellular vesicles. The journal covers various aspects such as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of extracellular vesicles biogenesis, technological advancements in their isolation, quantification, and characterization, the role and function of extracellular vesicles in biology, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and their biology, as well as the application of extracellular vesicles for pharmacological, immunological, or genetic therapies. The Journal of Extracellular Vesicles is widely recognized and indexed by numerous services, including Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Current Contents/Life Sciences, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Google Scholar, ProQuest Natural Science Collection, ProQuest SciTech Collection, SciTech Premium Collection, PubMed Central/PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, ScienceOpen, and Scopus.
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