Shane Hoang, Mabel Shehada, Konstantinos Karydis, Philip Brisk, William H Grover
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Originally developed for controlling microfluidic \"lab-on-a-chip\" devices, these circuits use microfluidic valves like transistors in air-powered logic \"circuits.\" We show that a modification to the basic valve design-adding additional air channels in parallel through the valve-creates a \"high-flow\" valve that is suitable for controlling a broad range of bioinstruments, not just microfluidics. As a proof-of-concept, we developed a high-flow pneumatic oscillator that uses five high-flow Boolean NOT gates arranged in a loop. Powered by a single constant vacuum source, the oscillator provides five out-of-phase pneumatic outputs that switch between vacuum and atmospheric pressure every 1.3 s. Additionally, a user can adjust the frequency of the oscillator by squeezing a bellows attached to one of the pneumatic outputs. We then used the pneumatic oscillator to power a low-cost 3D-printed laboratory rocker/shaker commonly used to keep blood products, cell cultures, and other heterogeneous samples in suspension. Our air-powered rocker costs around $12 USD to build and performs as well as conventional electronic rockers that cost $1000 USD or more. This is the first of many biomedical devices that can be made cheaper and safer using pneumatic logic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Controlling Biomedical Devices Using Pneumatic Logic.\",\"authors\":\"Shane Hoang, Mabel Shehada, Konstantinos Karydis, Philip Brisk, William H Grover\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10439-024-03628-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Many biomedical devices are powered and controlled by electrical components. These electronics add to the cost of a device (possibly making the device too expensive for use in resource-limited or point-of-care settings) and can also render the device unsuitable for use in some environments (for example, high-humidity areas such as incubators where condensation could cause electrical short circuits, ovens where electronic components may overheat, or explosive or flammable environments where electric sparks could cause serious accidents). In this work, we show that pneumatic logic can be used to power and control biomedical devices without the need for electricity or electric components. Originally developed for controlling microfluidic \\\"lab-on-a-chip\\\" devices, these circuits use microfluidic valves like transistors in air-powered logic \\\"circuits.\\\" We show that a modification to the basic valve design-adding additional air channels in parallel through the valve-creates a \\\"high-flow\\\" valve that is suitable for controlling a broad range of bioinstruments, not just microfluidics. As a proof-of-concept, we developed a high-flow pneumatic oscillator that uses five high-flow Boolean NOT gates arranged in a loop. Powered by a single constant vacuum source, the oscillator provides five out-of-phase pneumatic outputs that switch between vacuum and atmospheric pressure every 1.3 s. Additionally, a user can adjust the frequency of the oscillator by squeezing a bellows attached to one of the pneumatic outputs. We then used the pneumatic oscillator to power a low-cost 3D-printed laboratory rocker/shaker commonly used to keep blood products, cell cultures, and other heterogeneous samples in suspension. Our air-powered rocker costs around $12 USD to build and performs as well as conventional electronic rockers that cost $1000 USD or more. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
许多生物医学设备都由电子元件供电和控制。这些电子元件增加了设备的成本(可能会使设备过于昂贵,无法在资源有限或护理点环境中使用),还可能使设备不适合在某些环境中使用(例如,高湿度区域,如培养箱,冷凝水可能会导致电路短路;烤箱,电子元件可能会过热;易爆或易燃环境,电火花可能会导致严重事故)。在这项工作中,我们展示了气动逻辑可用于供电和控制生物医学设备,而无需电力或电气元件。这些电路最初是为控制微流控 "片上实验室 "设备而开发的,在气动逻辑 "电路 "中使用微流控阀门,就像使用晶体管一样。我们的研究表明,对基本阀门设计进行修改--在阀门中并行添加额外的空气通道--可创造出一种 "大流量 "阀门,不仅适用于微流控,还适用于控制各种生物仪器。作为概念验证,我们开发了一种高流量气动振荡器,它使用五个高流量布尔 NOT 栅极构成一个回路。此外,用户还可以通过挤压连接到其中一个气动输出端的风箱来调节振荡器的频率。然后,我们利用气动振荡器为低成本的 3D 打印实验室摇杆/振动器提供动力,这种摇杆/振动器通常用于保持血液制品、细胞培养物和其他异质样品的悬浮状态。我们的气动摇杆制造成本约为 12 美元,性能却不亚于售价 1000 美元或更高的传统电子摇杆。这是利用气动逻辑制造更便宜、更安全的众多生物医学设备中的第一个。
Controlling Biomedical Devices Using Pneumatic Logic.
Many biomedical devices are powered and controlled by electrical components. These electronics add to the cost of a device (possibly making the device too expensive for use in resource-limited or point-of-care settings) and can also render the device unsuitable for use in some environments (for example, high-humidity areas such as incubators where condensation could cause electrical short circuits, ovens where electronic components may overheat, or explosive or flammable environments where electric sparks could cause serious accidents). In this work, we show that pneumatic logic can be used to power and control biomedical devices without the need for electricity or electric components. Originally developed for controlling microfluidic "lab-on-a-chip" devices, these circuits use microfluidic valves like transistors in air-powered logic "circuits." We show that a modification to the basic valve design-adding additional air channels in parallel through the valve-creates a "high-flow" valve that is suitable for controlling a broad range of bioinstruments, not just microfluidics. As a proof-of-concept, we developed a high-flow pneumatic oscillator that uses five high-flow Boolean NOT gates arranged in a loop. Powered by a single constant vacuum source, the oscillator provides five out-of-phase pneumatic outputs that switch between vacuum and atmospheric pressure every 1.3 s. Additionally, a user can adjust the frequency of the oscillator by squeezing a bellows attached to one of the pneumatic outputs. We then used the pneumatic oscillator to power a low-cost 3D-printed laboratory rocker/shaker commonly used to keep blood products, cell cultures, and other heterogeneous samples in suspension. Our air-powered rocker costs around $12 USD to build and performs as well as conventional electronic rockers that cost $1000 USD or more. This is the first of many biomedical devices that can be made cheaper and safer using pneumatic logic.
期刊介绍:
Annals of Biomedical Engineering is an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishing original articles in the major fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. The Annals is an interdisciplinary and international journal with the aim to highlight integrated approaches to the solutions of biological and biomedical problems.