一生中的道德学习和决策制定

IF 23.6 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY
Patricia L. Lockwood, Wouter van den Bos, Jean-Claude Dreher
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引用次数: 0

摘要

从婴儿到老年,道德学习和决策在我们的一生中都至关重要。新出现的证据表明,在道德情境中的学习和决策存在重要差异,而这些差异的基础是基于模型的价值观和心智理论的使用同时发生的变化。在此,我们回顾了有关道德选择和道德学习的决策神经科学文献,并考虑了四个关键概念。我们展示了在幼儿时期,自我/他人区分意识是如何奠基的。对意图和结果的敏感性对几种道德概念至关重要,这一点在我们最早和最年长时最为相似。在所有年龄段,心智理论的影响以及无模型学习和基于模型学习的基本转变都支持道德决策。展望未来,对道德的关键概念进行计算的方法将有助于提供一个机制性的解释,并产生新的假设,从而对整个生命周期进行检验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Moral Learning and Decision-Making Across the Lifespan
Moral learning and decision-making are crucial throughout our lives, from infancy to old age. Emerging evidence suggests that there are important differences in learning and deciding in moral situations, and these are underpinned by co-occurring changes in the use of model-based values and theory of mind. Here, we review the decision neuroscience literature on moral choices and moral learning considering four key concepts. We show how in the earliest years, a sense of self/other distinction is foundational. Sensitivity to intention versus outcome is crucial for several moral concepts and is most similar in our earliest and oldest years. Across all ages, basic shifts in the influence of theory of mind and model-free and model-based learning support moral decision-making. Moving forward, a computational approach to key concepts of morality can help provide a mechanistic account and generate new hypotheses to test across the whole lifespan.
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来源期刊
Annual review of psychology
Annual review of psychology 医学-心理学
CiteScore
47.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
48
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Psychology, a publication that has been available since 1950, provides comprehensive coverage of the latest advancements in psychological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including the biological underpinnings of human behavior, the intricacies of our senses and perception, the functioning of the mind, animal behavior and learning, human development, psychopathology, clinical and counseling psychology, social psychology, personality, environmental psychology, community psychology, and much more. In a recent development, the current volume of this esteemed journal has transitioned from a subscription-based model to an open access format as part of the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open initiative. As a result, all articles published in this volume are now freely accessible to the public under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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