Assessment of IV albumin and ringer lactate on the acute oral toxicity of acetylsalicylic acid in albino rats

Background

Despite the frequent inclusion of fluid therapy in the treatment of many conditions, there are limited studies available to provide an evidence-based specific recommendation for fluid therapy in acute drug toxicity. Salicylate toxicity is considered one of the common clinical problems. It is commonly associated with fatal complications and even can lead to death. The study was designed to investigate the effects of various IV fluid types as isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%), Ringer lactate (RL), and albumin and their impact on acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) toxicity outcome in a rat model of acute salicylate toxicity.

Sixty male Albino rats were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats each. The first four groups were the control, saline, RL, and albumin groups. The fifth group received two doses of ASA solution orally, and the next five groups were treated with IV fluids as follows: saline-ASA, RL-ASA, albumin-ASA, RL + albumin-ASA, and saline + albumin-ASA. Upon completion of the study, spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), and serum liver and kidney function tests were done on all groups. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess interleukin-6 (IL6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kβ), and beta-actin mRNA gene expression of histopathology and immunohistochemistry assessments were also performed on liver and kidney tissues.

Results

The results revealed the ASA group showed marked deterioration across all the investigated parameters. The groups that received saline and RL showed improvements in the following: respiratory rates, ABG, liver and kidney function, and histopathological findings.

The RL + albumin group did not show any improvements. The albumin group and the saline + albumin group showed variable responses, ranging from mild improvement to no improvement.

Conclusions

The saline and RL groups showed positive results; however, the RL + albumin group showed the worst outcomes. The inclusion of albumin did not appear to provide any extra benefits and produced varying results.