Models of care for tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in primary care: A scoping review.

Background and objectives: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) screening and treatment delivered from primary care could hold the key to achieving tuberculosis (TB) elimination in low TB burden countries. This scoping review was undertaken to understand how elements of the cascade of care for TBI screening and treatment have been implemented in primary care settings globally.

Method: For this review, eight databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and the Cochrane Library, to examine models of care for TBI screening and treatment in primary care.

Results: Eight articles were included from the 7207 articles screened. These eight articles describe models of care that are varied in their aim, design and focus and elements of the TBI cascade of care.

Discussion: Although primary care is well placed to offer TBI screening and treatment, robust referral, community mobilisation and systems support are critical. Further research is necessary for Australia to deliver on the elimination target of the World Health Organization.