Emma O'Sullivan-Carroll, Anna Hogan, N. O'Mahoney, S. Howlett, C. Pyne, P. Downing, M. Lynch, Eric Moore
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Determination of an Anti-Parasitic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Wastewater Effluents Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Ireland has a successful pharmaceutical industry with over 100 pharmaceutical manufacturing sites across the island. Although this success has many benefits, the irreversible effects emissions from pharmaceutical manufacturing can have on the environment are a major drawback. Although known pollutants are regularly monitored with limits set out by the Environmental Protection Agency, one significant pollutant has been overlooked: pharmaceutical pollution. Detecting these pollutants and ensuring they are at a safe concentration for the environment is of utmost importance. In recent years, capillary electrophoresis is being recognised as a suitable alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography due to its many benefits such as faster analysis, water-based buffers and smaller sample volumes. In this paper, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with a preconcentration step of solid-phase extraction was developed for an anti-parasitic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) called ZB23. The API was successfully detected in a wastewater sample in less than 10 min using the CZE parameters of 25 mM borate buffer with a pH of 10.5, 15% MeOH, 10 kV voltage, 25 mbar for 5 s injection size, an Lt of 40 cm, an Ld of 31.5 cm and a detection wavelength of 214 nm.
期刊介绍:
ELECTROPHORESIS is an international journal that publishes original manuscripts on all aspects of electrophoresis, and liquid phase separations (e.g., HPLC, micro- and nano-LC, UHPLC, micro- and nano-fluidics, liquid-phase micro-extractions, etc.).
Topics include new or improved analytical and preparative methods, sample preparation, development of theory, and innovative applications of electrophoretic and liquid phase separations methods in the study of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates natural products, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, environmental species and other compounds of importance to the life sciences.
Papers in the areas of microfluidics and proteomics, which are not limited to electrophoresis-based methods, will also be accepted for publication. Contributions focused on hyphenated and omics techniques are also of interest. Proteomics is within the scope, if related to its fundamentals and new technical approaches. Proteomics applications are only considered in particular cases.
Papers describing the application of standard electrophoretic methods will not be considered.
Papers on nanoanalysis intended for publication in ELECTROPHORESIS should focus on one or more of the following topics:
• Nanoscale electrokinetics and phenomena related to electric double layer and/or confinement in nano-sized geometry
• Single cell and subcellular analysis
• Nanosensors and ultrasensitive detection aspects (e.g., involving quantum dots, "nanoelectrodes" or nanospray MS)
• Nanoscale/nanopore DNA sequencing (next generation sequencing)
• Micro- and nanoscale sample preparation
• Nanoparticles and cells analyses by dielectrophoresis
• Separation-based analysis using nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires.