神经退行性疾病、精神疾病和其他神经系统疾病中的细胞外囊泡:对机制、生物标志物潜力和治疗意义的展望。

4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Current topics in membranes Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.002
Gustavo Satoru Kajitani, Gabriela Xavier, Beatriz Enguidanos Villena-Rueda, Bruno Takao Real Karia, Marcos Leite Santoro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数人类细胞,包括组成神经系统组织的细胞,都会产生、分泌细胞外囊泡 (EV),并以其为靶标。EVs携带多种类型的生物大分子,如脂类、蛋白质和微RNA,可在生理和病理过程中发挥信号传递作用。在本章中,我们将重点讨论脑细胞(尤其是神经元和神经胶质细胞)分泌的EV及其货物,以及在病理情况下这些方面如何受到影响。本章涵盖神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症,以及几种精神疾病,即精神分裂症、自闭症谱系障碍和重度抑郁症。本章还讨论了其他类型的神经功能障碍、癫痫和脑外伤。EVs 可以穿过血脑屏障,因此可以在循环血液等更容易进入的外周组织中检测到脑 EVs。因此,EV 成分和含量的改变可为这些疾病的分子病因学提供有价值的线索,并可作为有关疾病流行、进展和治疗的生物标志物。EVs 还可用于携带药物和生物分子进入脑组织,被认为是治疗神经系统疾病的一种很有前景的药物输送剂。因此,尽管这一研究领域仍处于早期发展阶段,但它在进一步阐明和治疗神经系统疾病方面具有巨大潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative, mental, and other neurological disorders: Perspectives into mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced, secreted, and targeted by most human cells, including cells that compose nervous system tissues. EVs carry several types of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins and microRNA, and can function as signaling agents in physiological and pathological processes. In this chapter, we will focus on EVs and their cargo secreted by brain cells, especially neurons and glia, and how these aspects are affected in pathological conditions. The chapter covers neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as several psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and major depressive disorder. This chapter also addresses other types of neurological dysfunctions, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. EVs can cross the blood brain barrier, and thus brain EVs may be detected in more accessible peripheral tissue, such as circulating blood. Alterations in EV composition and contents can therefore impart valuable clues into the molecular etiology of these disorders, and serve biomarkers regarding disease prevalence, progression and treatment. EVs can also be used to carry drugs and biomolecules into brain tissue, considered as a promising drug delivery agent for neurological diseases. Therefore, although this area of research is still in its early development, it offers great potential in further elucidating and in treating neurological disorders.

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来源期刊
Current topics in membranes
Current topics in membranes 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology.
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