Laurene Leclerc, John Mattick, Brendan P Burns, Davide Sassera, Julie Dunning Hotopp, Nathan Lo
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引用次数: 0
摘要
蜱虫是全球人类和动物细菌、病毒和原生动物病原体的重要传播媒介。线粒体米德氏菌(Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii,以下简称 "米德氏菌")是一种非常丰富的细菌内共生菌,存在于许多蜱类中,包括两种分别在欧洲和澳大利亚发现的重要医疗用蜱--蓖麻蜱和全爪蜱。本研究旨在通过识别侧向基因转移(LGT)事件、描述转录组和进行差异表达分析来确定共生体的生物学作用。元转录组数据显示,I. ricinus 和 I. holocyclus 中的线粒体物种具有新陈代谢潜能,并积极转录多种重要作用的基因,包括血红素、生物素和叶酸合成、氧化应激反应、渗透调节以及微氧条件下的 ATP 生产。差异表达分析还显示,与成虫相比,I. holocyclus 若虫线粒体中的严格响应和 DNA 修复基因上调。差异表达率低表明共生体可能缺乏全局基因调控,正如在其他内共生体中观察到的那样。此外,LGT事件的确定以及线粒体菌株mIxholo1和mIxholo2在I. holocyclus不同生命阶段的特化,都突显了线粒体与蜱宿主之间复杂的相互作用。
Metatranscriptomics provide insights into the role of the symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii in Ixodes ticks.
Ticks are important vectors of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens of humans and animals worldwide. Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii is a highly abundant bacterial endosymbiont found in many tick species, including two medically important ticks respectively found in Europe and Australia, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes holocyclus. The present study aimed to determine the symbiont's biological role by identifying lateral gene transfer (LGT) events, characterizing the transcriptome, and performing differential expression analyses. Metatranscriptomic data revealed that M. mitochondrii species in I. ricinus and I. holocyclus were equipped with the metabolic potential and were actively transcribing the genes for several important roles including heme, biotin and folate synthesis, oxidative stress response, osmotic regulation, and ATP production in microaerobic conditions. Differential expression analyses additionally showed an upregulation in stringent response and DNA repair genes in M. mitochondrii of I. holocyclus nymphs compared to adults. Low rates of differential expression suggest the symbiont may lack global gene regulation, as observed in other endosymbionts. Moreover, the identification of an LGT event and the proposed specialization of the M. mitochondrii strains, mIxholo1 and mIxholo2, for different I. holocyclus life stages highlight the complex interactions between M. mitochondrii and their tick hosts.
期刊介绍:
FEMS Microbiology Ecology aims to ensure efficient publication of high-quality papers that are original and provide a significant contribution to the understanding of microbial ecology. The journal contains Research Articles and MiniReviews on fundamental aspects of the ecology of microorganisms in natural soil, aquatic and atmospheric habitats, including extreme environments, and in artificial or managed environments. Research papers on pure cultures and in the areas of plant pathology and medical, food or veterinary microbiology will be published where they provide valuable generic information on microbial ecology. Papers can deal with culturable and non-culturable forms of any type of microorganism: bacteria, archaea, filamentous fungi, yeasts, protozoa, cyanobacteria, algae or viruses. In addition, the journal will publish Perspectives, Current Opinion and Controversy Articles, Commentaries and Letters to the Editor on topical issues in microbial ecology.
- Application of ecological theory to microbial ecology
- Interactions and signalling between microorganisms and with plants and animals
- Interactions between microorganisms and their physicochemical enviornment
- Microbial aspects of biogeochemical cycles and processes
- Microbial community ecology
- Phylogenetic and functional diversity of microbial communities
- Evolutionary biology of microorganisms