Electrophysiological Signal Validation of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface at Nerve Ending: A Preliminary Rat Model Experiment.

Background:  As the number of extremity amputations continues to rise, so does the demand for prosthetics. Emphasizing the importance of a nerve interface that effectively amplifies and transmits physiological signals through peripheral nerve surgery is crucial for achieving intuitive control. The regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is recognized for its potential to provide this technical support. Through animal experiment, we aimed to confirm the actual occurrence of signal amplification.

Methods:  Rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, common peroneal nerve transection, and RPNI. Nerve surgeries were performed for each group, and electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were conducted at the initial surgery, as well as at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results:  All implemented RPNIs exhibited viability and displayed adequate vascularity with the proper color. Clear differences in latency and amplitude were observed before and after 8 weeks of surgery in all groups (p < 0.05). Notably, the RPNI group demonstrated a significantly increased amplitude compared with the control group after 8 weeks (p = 0.031). Latency increased in all groups 8 weeks after surgery. The RPNI group exhibited relatively clear signs of denervation with abnormal spontaneous activities (ASAs) during EMG.

Conclusion:  This study is one of few preclinical studies that demonstrate the electrophysiological effects of RPNI and validate the neural signals. It serves as a foundational step for future research in human-machine interaction and nerve interfaces.