{"title":"评估钴、镍和铅的单个和二元混合物在海马神经元细胞中的神经毒性机制","authors":"Tosin A. Olasehinde, Ademola O. Olaniran","doi":"10.1002/tox.24418","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many studies have focused on the neurotoxic effects of single metals, while investigation on the exposure to metal mixtures, which mainly occur in real-life situations, is scarce. This study sought to assess the neurotoxic effect of Ni, Co, and Pb binary mixtures and their individual effects in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22). Cells were exposed to Ni, Co, and Pb separately for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO<sub>2</sub>, and cell viability was assessed. Morphological assessment of the cells exposed to binary mixtures of Co, Ni, and Pb and single metals was assessed using a microscope. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels, catalase [CAT], and glutathione-S transferase [GST] activities) and nitric oxide [NO] levels were evaluated after treatment with the binary mixtures and single metals. Binary mixtures of the metals reduced cell viability, exerting an additivity action. The combinations also exerted synergistic action, as revealed by the combination index. Furthermore, a significant reduction in AChE activity, GSH levels, CAT and GST activities, and high MDA and NO levels were observed in neuronal cells. The additive interactions and synergistic actions of the binary mixtures might contribute to the significant reduction of AChE activity, GSH levels, GST, and CAT activities, and an increase in MDA and NO levels. The findings from this study revealed significant evidence that binary mixtures of Co, Pb, and Ni may induce impaired neuronal function and, ultimately, neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"128-139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11628647/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of Neurotoxic Mechanisms of Individual and Binary Mixtures of Cobalt, Nickel and Lead in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells\",\"authors\":\"Tosin A. Olasehinde, Ademola O. Olaniran\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/tox.24418\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Many studies have focused on the neurotoxic effects of single metals, while investigation on the exposure to metal mixtures, which mainly occur in real-life situations, is scarce. This study sought to assess the neurotoxic effect of Ni, Co, and Pb binary mixtures and their individual effects in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22). Cells were exposed to Ni, Co, and Pb separately for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO<sub>2</sub>, and cell viability was assessed. Morphological assessment of the cells exposed to binary mixtures of Co, Ni, and Pb and single metals was assessed using a microscope. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels, catalase [CAT], and glutathione-S transferase [GST] activities) and nitric oxide [NO] levels were evaluated after treatment with the binary mixtures and single metals. Binary mixtures of the metals reduced cell viability, exerting an additivity action. The combinations also exerted synergistic action, as revealed by the combination index. Furthermore, a significant reduction in AChE activity, GSH levels, CAT and GST activities, and high MDA and NO levels were observed in neuronal cells. The additive interactions and synergistic actions of the binary mixtures might contribute to the significant reduction of AChE activity, GSH levels, GST, and CAT activities, and an increase in MDA and NO levels. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
许多研究都集中在单一金属的神经毒性效应上,而对主要发生在现实生活中的金属混合物暴露的研究却很少。本研究试图评估镍、钴和铅二元混合物的神经毒性效应及其对海马神经元细胞(HT-22)的单独效应。在 37°C 和 5% CO2 条件下,将细胞分别暴露于镍、钴和铅 48 小时,并评估细胞存活率。使用显微镜对暴露于钴、镍、铅二元混合物和单一金属的细胞进行形态学评估。此外,还对二元混合物和单一金属处理后的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性、氧化应激生物标志物(谷胱甘肽[GSH]和丙二醛[MDA]水平、过氧化氢酶[CAT]和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶[GST]活性)和一氧化氮[NO]水平进行了评估。金属的二元混合物降低了细胞活力,产生了相加作用。正如组合指数所显示的那样,组合金属还具有协同作用。此外,在神经细胞中观察到 AChE 活性、GSH 水平、CAT 和 GST 活性明显降低,MDA 和 NO 水平较高。二元混合物的相加作用和协同作用可能是 AChE 活性、GSH 水平、GST 和 CAT 活性显著降低以及 MDA 和 NO 水平升高的原因。本研究的结果提供了重要证据,证明钴、铅和镍的二元混合物可能会损害神经元功能,并最终导致神经退行性变。
Assessment of Neurotoxic Mechanisms of Individual and Binary Mixtures of Cobalt, Nickel and Lead in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells
Many studies have focused on the neurotoxic effects of single metals, while investigation on the exposure to metal mixtures, which mainly occur in real-life situations, is scarce. This study sought to assess the neurotoxic effect of Ni, Co, and Pb binary mixtures and their individual effects in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22). Cells were exposed to Ni, Co, and Pb separately for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO2, and cell viability was assessed. Morphological assessment of the cells exposed to binary mixtures of Co, Ni, and Pb and single metals was assessed using a microscope. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels, catalase [CAT], and glutathione-S transferase [GST] activities) and nitric oxide [NO] levels were evaluated after treatment with the binary mixtures and single metals. Binary mixtures of the metals reduced cell viability, exerting an additivity action. The combinations also exerted synergistic action, as revealed by the combination index. Furthermore, a significant reduction in AChE activity, GSH levels, CAT and GST activities, and high MDA and NO levels were observed in neuronal cells. The additive interactions and synergistic actions of the binary mixtures might contribute to the significant reduction of AChE activity, GSH levels, GST, and CAT activities, and an increase in MDA and NO levels. The findings from this study revealed significant evidence that binary mixtures of Co, Pb, and Ni may induce impaired neuronal function and, ultimately, neurodegeneration.
期刊介绍:
The journal publishes in the areas of toxicity and toxicology of environmental pollutants in air, dust, sediment, soil and water, and natural toxins in the environment.Of particular interest are:
Toxic or biologically disruptive impacts of anthropogenic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, industrial organics, agricultural chemicals, and by-products such as chlorinated compounds from water disinfection and waste incineration;
Natural toxins and their impacts;
Biotransformation and metabolism of toxigenic compounds, food chains for toxin accumulation or biodegradation;
Assays of toxicity, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, ecosystem impact and health hazard;
Environmental and public health risk assessment, environmental guidelines, environmental policy for toxicants.