大小脂滴:造就它们的基本机制

IF 11.4 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Robin W Klemm, Pedro Carvalho
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引用次数: 0

摘要

脂滴(LDs)是一种动态储存细胞器,在脂质和能量代谢中发挥着核心作用。脂滴由中性脂质(如三酰甘油)构成,周围是单层磷脂和特化的表面蛋白质。表面成分决定了低密度脂蛋白的许多特性,如大小、亚细胞分布以及与伙伴细胞器的相互作用。考虑到各种细胞类型的能量和新陈代谢需求各不相同,LD 在细胞类型内部和细胞类型之间具有高度异质性也就不足为奇了。尽管存在多样性,但所有 LDs 都有共同的生物生成机制。然而,脂肪细胞对这些基本机制进行了特定的适应性进化,从而能够在细胞和机体水平上调节脂质和能量代谢。在这里,我们将讨论在了解 LD 生物发生的一般机制和控制这些迷人细胞器的脂肪细胞特异性适应性方面的最新进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Lipid Droplets Big and Small: Basic Mechanisms That Make Them All.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic storage organelles with central roles in lipid and energy metabolism. They consist of a core of neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerol, which is surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and specialized surface proteins. The surface composition determines many of the LD properties, such as size, subcellular distribution, and interaction with partner organelles. Considering the diverse energetic and metabolic demands of various cell types, it is not surprising that LDs are highly heterogeneous within and between cell types. Despite their diversity, all LDs share a common biogenesis mechanism. However, adipocytes have evolved specific adaptations of these basic mechanisms, enabling the regulation of lipid and energy metabolism at both the cellular and organismal levels. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of both the general mechanisms of LD biogenesis and the adipocyte-specific adaptations controlling these fascinating organelles.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, established in 1985, comprehensively addresses major advancements in cell and developmental biology. Encompassing the structure, function, and organization of cells, as well as the development and evolution of cells in relation to both single and multicellular organisms, the journal explores models and tools of molecular biology. As of the current volume, the journal has transitioned from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, making all articles published under a CC BY license.
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