Sakuntala Gayen, Swarupananda Mukherjee, Sandipan Dasgupta, Souvik Roy
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Emerging druggable targets for immune checkpoint modulation in cancer immunotherapy: the iceberg lies beneath the surface
The immune system serves as a fundamental defender against the initiation and progression of cancer. Failure of the immune system augments immunosuppressive action that leading to cancer manifestation. This immunosuppressive effect causes from significant alterations in immune checkpoint expression associated with tumoral progression. The tumor microenvironment promotes immune escape mechanisms that further amplifying immunosuppressive actions. Notably, substantial targeting of immune checkpoints has been pragmatic in the advancement of cancer research. This study highlights a comprehensive review of emerging druggable targets aimed at modulating immune checkpoint co-inhibitory as well as co-stimulatory molecules in response to immune system activation. This modulation has prompted to the development of newer therapeutic insights, eventually inducing immunogenic cell death through immunomodulatory actions. The study emphasizes the role of immune checkpoints in immunogenic regulation of cancer pathogenesis and explores potential therapeutic avenues in cancer immunotherapy.
Graphical Abstract
Modulation of Immunosuppressive and Immunostimulatory pathways of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
期刊介绍：
Apoptosis, a monthly international peer-reviewed journal, focuses on the rapid publication of innovative investigations into programmed cell death. The journal aims to stimulate research on the mechanisms and role of apoptosis in various human diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disease, viral infection, AIDS, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoporosis, and aging. The Editor-In-Chief acknowledges the importance of advancing clinical therapies for apoptosis-related diseases. Apoptosis considers Original Articles, Reviews, Short Communications, Letters to the Editor, and Book Reviews for publication.
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