Securing SCADA systems in smart grids with IoT integration: A Self-Defensive Post-Quantum Blockchain Architecture

The rapid development of smart city infrastructures has brought increased attention to the security of critical systems such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, which are central to smart grids. SCADA systems are highly susceptible to cyberattacks, particularly false data injection attacks that can lead to catastrophic failures. While blockchain technology has been explored as a means to secure SCADA systems, traditional blockchain models are vulnerable to the emerging threat of quantum computing, which can break classical cryptographic algorithms.

This paper proposes a Self-Defensive Post-Quantum Blockchain Architecture (SD-PQBA) specifically designed to protect SCADA systems within smart cities from both classical and quantum cyber threats. The SD-PQBA framework introduces a novel Proof of Derived Authority (PoDA) consensus mechanism and a post-quantum 3-key cryptography scheme that ensures the immutability and integrity of data in the SCADA system. By addressing the limitations of existing blockchain solutions in the context of quantum computing, this architecture provides a robust, future-proof layer of defense, enhancing the resilience of SCADA systems against advanced cyber attacks. This approach not only strengthens SCADA security but also highlights critical gaps in the literature at the intersection of quantum computing, SCADA, and blockchain technology.