末期冰川过度扩张:瑞士北部冰川侵蚀、填充模式及冰川历史的新制约因素

IF 3.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Marius W. Buechi , Angela Landgraf , Herfried Madritsch , Daniela Mueller , Maria Knipping , Franziska Nyffenegger , Frank Preusser , Sebastian Schaller , Michael Schnellmann , Gaudenz Deplazes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

冰川过度扩张的盆地是一种常见的冰川下侵蚀地貌。然而,在全球范围内,对控制侵蚀沉积过程及其年代的了解仍然很少。前冰川边缘附近的末端过度扩张对于了解亚冰川过程及其随时间的发展至关重要。本研究考察了欧洲阿尔卑斯山远端北部前陆莱茵冰川及邻近裂片下方被侵蚀的埋藏末端过深地带的地貌学和沉积学。使用高质量的钻探岩芯(岩芯总长度达 1463 米),对岩性、岩石物理、岩土工程和成分特性进行了记录,从而研究了随着时间的推移,过度扩张槽的侵蚀和填充的演变过程。钻探数据与二维反射地震数据(总长度达 41 千米)和补充地下数据相结合。这一广泛的数据集显示,所研究的超深盆地包括 12 个典型的岩相组合(部分位于特征序列中)和特征建筑元素。这些类别可作为有效的工具,减少面层的高变异性,便于对河谷充填物进行比较和关联。我们的分析表明,在松软的沉积基岩(Molasse)上形成末端过深是侵蚀过程综合作用的结果。冰川下水侵蚀和排空是主要的侵蚀过程,在冰川床脱钩和冲刷期间非常活跃。直接的冰川下侵蚀发生在冰川床耦合期间,并有基岩冰晶石记录。河谷充填结构表明,所研究的过深化通常经历了多阶段演变,包括过深化侵蚀、沉积和部分再侵蚀(或再激活)几个阶段。综合数据集(包括地质年代数据)表明,在中更新世-晚更新世期间,许多(如果不是全部的话)到达远端前陆的大面积冰川作用都侵蚀了这些过地层。这些发现与北阿尔卑斯山前陆已知的大量过深地貌以及世界各地的过深地貌有关。它们证实了超深坑作为第四纪古环境变化和地貌演变档案的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Terminal glacial overdeepenings: Patterns of erosion, infilling and new constraints on the glaciation history of Northern Switzerland
Glacially overdeepened basins are a common landform of subglacial erosion. However, the controlling erosional–depositional processes and their age remain poorly understood on a global scale. Terminal overdeepenings near the former glacier margins are critical for the understanding of subglacial processes and their development over time. This study examines the geomorphology and sedimentology of buried terminal overdeepenings eroded below the Rhein Glacier and adjacent lobes in the distal northern foreland of the European Alps. The evolution of erosion and infilling in the overdeepened troughs over time is investigated using high-quality drill cores (∼1463 m of core in total) that were logged for lithofacies, petrophysical, geotechnical and compositional properties. The drill data is integrated with 2D-reflection seismics (∼41 km in total) and supplementary subsurface data. This extensive dataset reveals that the studied overdeepened basins include twelve typical facies associations (partially emplaced in characteristic sequences) and characteristic architectural elements. These categories serve as effective tools to reduce the high facies variability and facilitate easier comparison and correlation of the valley fill. Our analysis shows that the formation of terminal overdeepenings on soft sedimentary bedrock (Molasse) is the result of a combination of erosional processes. Subglacial water erosion and evacuation are the dominant processes and active during periods of glacier–bed decoupling and flushing. Direct subglacial erosion occurs during glacier–bed coupling and is documented by bedrock glacitectonites. The valley fill architecture shows that the studied overdeepenings typically undergo a multiphase evolution, with several phases of overdeepening erosion, deposition and partial re-erosion (or re-activation). The combined dataset (including geochronological data) suggests that the overdeepenings were eroded during many, if not all, extensive glaciations during the Middle–Late Pleistocene that reached the distal foreland. These are findings relevant for the large number of overdeepenings known from the Northern Alpine foreland and overdeepened features worldwide. They corroborate the importance of overdeepenings as archives for the paleoenvironmental change and landscape evolution during the Quaternary.
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来源期刊
Quaternary Science Reviews
Quaternary Science Reviews 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.00%
发文量
388
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Quaternary Science Reviews caters for all aspects of Quaternary science, and includes, for example, geology, geomorphology, geography, archaeology, soil science, palaeobotany, palaeontology, palaeoclimatology and the full range of applicable dating methods. The dividing line between what constitutes the review paper and one which contains new original data is not easy to establish, so QSR also publishes papers with new data especially if these perform a review function. All the Quaternary sciences are changing rapidly and subject to re-evaluation as the pace of discovery quickens; thus the diverse but comprehensive role of Quaternary Science Reviews keeps readers abreast of the wider issues relating to new developments in the field.
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