Prospective study investigating the influence of nutritional intervention on biochemical profiles in patients with recurrent urolithiasis.

Background and objectives: Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a condition significantly impacted by dietary habits. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a tailored dietary plan on the crystalluria and biological parameters of patients with different types of kidney stones over a 3-month period.

Methods and study design: We conducted a prospective study of 3 months. The study involved patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Alongside the medical consultation, a comprehensive dietary survey was performed to assess the patients' nutritional habits. Urinary parameters, including volume, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and power of hydrogen (pH), were evaluated both before and after the dietary intervention.

Results: 69 patients were involved. There were 17 patients diagnosed with cystine lithiasis, 33 with oxalocalcic lithiasis and 19 with uric lithiasis. After 3 months, only 32 patients revisited for follow-up. There were significant changes (p = 0.002 and 0.04) in urine crystalluria for cystinic and uric lithiasis. For the urinary oxalate variation, there was a significant decrease from T1 (before dietary intervention) to T2 (after dietary intervention), with levels dropping from 0.289 ± 0.10 umol/l to 0.215 ± 0.079 umol/l (p = 0.02).Regarding urinary calcium (calciuria), there was a trend toward a decrease from T1 to T2, although the change was not statistically significant, with levels decreasing from 2.42 ± 1.68 umol/l to 2.14 ± 1.62 umol/l (p = 0.1).

Conclusions: Our research underscores the favorable effects of a tailored and well-balanced diet on both the crystalluria and biological parameters of individuals with recurrent lithiasis.