儿童遭受虐待后恢复功能的环境依赖模型--灵活的生物行为同步性案例。

IF 5.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Kerstin Konrad, Vanessa B Puetz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多经历过童年逆境的儿童,无论是受到威胁还是被剥夺,都会发展出适应能力,从而产生复原功能。然而,研究并没有成功地通过任何一种生物标志物来准确预测复原功能的水平,这很可能是因为研究忽略了一个因情况和发展而变化的结构所固有的灵活性。虽然最近的研究承认了重新定义复原力以反映其在逆境后动态性质的重要性,但关于在整个生命周期中具有发展适应性和动态性的特定行为的证据却很有限。我们在此提出了一个模型,在该模型中,抗逆力的发挥关键取决于个体灵活地与他人的认知-情感、行为和生理状态同步或分离的能力,即所谓的 "生物行为同步"。这种适应性人际交往技能的根源在于:(a)早期的照顾经历及其对个体生理压力反应的调节作用;以及(b)自我与他者区分的发展,而这种发展可能会受到童年虐待的影响。我们将通过回顾行为学和神经生物学方面的证据,证明童年时期的威胁和剥夺会干扰自我与他人之间动态的、对情境敏感的界限的发展,而这种界限是由(右侧)节拍-顶叶交界处(人际同步的中心神经枢纽)介导的,它使个体面临情感融合或与他人唤醒状态隔绝的风险。我们提出的模型为研究虐待经历的不同影响以及非敏感性照料的代际传递机制指明了道路。最后,我们将介绍促进灵活的生物行为同步的衡量标准、数据分析方法和策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A context-dependent model of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment-the case for flexible biobehavioral synchrony.

Many children who experience childhood adversity, whether in the form of threat or deprivation, develop adaptive competencies that lead to resilient functioning. Still, research has not succeeded in accurately predicting the level of resilient functioning by any kind of biomarkers, likely because it has sidelined the flexibility inherent in a construct that is situationally and developmentally variable. Whilst recent research acknowledges the importance of redefining resilience in order to reflect its dynamic nature after adversity, evidence for specific behaviors that are developmentally adaptive and dynamic throughout the lifespan is limited. We here propose a model in which resilient functioning is crucially dependent on the individual's capability to flexibly synchronize with and segregate from another's cognitive-affective, behavioral, and physiological states, known as 'biobehavioral synchrony'. Such an adaptive interpersonal skill is rooted in (a) the early caregiving experience and its regulatory effects on an individual's physiological stress reactivity, as well as (b) the development of self-other distinction which can be affected by childhood maltreatment. Bridging the gap between accounts of flexible resilient functioning and the latest thinking in biobehavioral synchrony, we will review behavioral and neurobiological evidence that threat and deprivation in childhood interfere with the development of dynamic, context-sensitive boundaries between self and other, mediated by the (right) tempo-parietal junction (a central neural hub for interpersonal synchronization), which puts the individual at risk for affective fusion or cut-off from others' arousal states. Our proposed model charts a path for investigating the differential effects of maltreatment experiences and mechanisms for intergenerational transmission of non-sensitive caregiving. We conclude with metrics, data analysis methods, and strategies to facilitate flexible biobehavioral synchrony.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
2.90%
发文量
484
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Psychiatry has suffered tremendously by the limited translational pipeline. Nobel laureate Julius Axelrod''s discovery in 1961 of monoamine reuptake by pre-synaptic neurons still forms the basis of contemporary antidepressant treatment. There is a grievous gap between the explosion of knowledge in neuroscience and conceptually novel treatments for our patients. Translational Psychiatry bridges this gap by fostering and highlighting the pathway from discovery to clinical applications, healthcare and global health. We view translation broadly as the full spectrum of work that marks the pathway from discovery to global health, inclusive. The steps of translation that are within the scope of Translational Psychiatry include (i) fundamental discovery, (ii) bench to bedside, (iii) bedside to clinical applications (clinical trials), (iv) translation to policy and health care guidelines, (v) assessment of health policy and usage, and (vi) global health. All areas of medical research, including — but not restricted to — molecular biology, genetics, pharmacology, imaging and epidemiology are welcome as they contribute to enhance the field of translational psychiatry.
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