Determinants of Timely Access to Recanalization Treatments and Outcomes in Pediatric Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Timely revascularization in acute arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is paramount for optimal outcomes. However, factors causing treatment delays in pediatric AIS remain understudied. We investigated determinants affecting the time from symptom onset or last-known-well to the start of recanalization treatment in pediatric AIS.

Methods: We conducted an ancillary analysis of the French KID-CLOT study (The National Retrospective Study of Recanalization Treatments in Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke), considering patients with pediatric AIS receiving recanalization treatments (IV thrombolysis IVT and mechanical thrombectomy) from 2015 to 2018. The study assessed prehospital triage's impact, direct versus transferred admissions, and unit type (pediatric versus adult) on treatment delay and clinical outcomes using modified Rankin Scale at 1 year.

Results: Among 68 patients (median age, 11 [IQR, 4-16]; initial PedNIHSS, 13 [IQR, 7-19]), treatment modalities were IVT (n=31), and mechanical thrombectomy (n=23), and IVT+mechanical thrombectomy (n=14). Prehospital triage significantly reduced last-known-well to treatment delay (overall, 229 versus 270 minutes; P=0.01), most notably for and mechanical thrombectomy (P<0.001). There was no substantial delay difference between direct and transferred admissions, or between unit types, although a trend favored adult units (370.3 versus 436.73 minutes; P=0.06). Prehospital triage correlated with improved outcomes, with a shift to lower modified Rankin Scale scores (P=0.021).

Conclusions: For pediatric AIS treated with reperfusion therapy, prehospital triage emerges as a pivotal factor in reducing treatment delays and enhancing outcomes. These findings underscore the need for a dedicated prehospital stroke protocol for children.

Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03887143.