监测西班牙圈养非人灵长类动物中的婴儿利什曼病。

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105425

Jesús Barbero-Moyano , Remigio Martínez , Moisés Gonzálvez , Inmaculada Moreno , Adrián Beato-Benítez , David Cano-Terriza , Andrea Carretero , Rocío Canales-Merino , Andrea Ferreiro-Prado , Juan J. Garrido , María A. Risalde , Ignacio García-Bocanegra

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引用次数: 0

摘要

西班牙最近报告了非人灵长类动物（NHPs）感染婴儿利什曼原虫的病例，导致极度濒危的猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus）出现严重的临床疾病。本研究的目的是确定西班牙动物园和野生动物救护中心（WRC）饲养的非人灵长类动物感染 L. infantum 的相关接触和风险因素。2007 年至 2023 年期间，在 15 个中心收集了来自 47 个不同物种的 252 只 NHP 的血清。采用间接免疫荧光法检测是否存在针对幼年鼠的抗体（临界值≥1:80）。此外，还通过实时定量 PCR（qPCR）对 78 人的头发样本进行了利什曼病 kDNA 检测。在 26.7%（4/15）的采样中心检测的 NHP 中，4.0%（10/252；95 %CI：1.6-6.4）检测到抗利什曼病抗体。在2010年至2023年期间，对22只NHP进行了纵向采样：在研究期间，一只环尾狐猴（Lemur catta）血清转换，一只血清阳性的猩猩抗体滴度升高。62.8%的动物（49/78；95 %CI：52.1-73.6）和所有采样中心（100%；7/7）都发现了幼年利什曼原虫 kDNA。系统发育分析表明，获得的序列与之前在西班牙人、狗、圈养和自由生活的野生动物中分离出的菌株之间存在高度同源性。据作者所知，这是第一份在非人类动物毛发样本中检测到利什曼原虫 kDNA 的报告。结果表明，毛发样本是检测这些物种是否感染利什曼原虫的一种有用的非侵入性方法。这也是欧洲首次在 NHP 物种中进行大规模的婴儿淋病调查。我们首次报告了利什曼原虫 kDNA 存在于属于鼬科、狐猴科和鬣蜥科的九种不同的 NHP 物种中，从而扩大了这种寄生虫的宿主范围。与幼猴感染相关的主要风险因素是：年龄（≥5 岁）和体型（大）。我们的研究结果表明，这种寄生虫在西班牙饲养的 NHP 中广泛传播，可能会引起保护和公共卫生方面的关注。应在动物园和野生动物保护中心实施监测和控制计划，以最大限度地降低全球流行地区NHP接触婴儿嗜血杆菌的风险。

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Monitoring of Leishmania infantum in captive non-human primates in Spain

Cases of Leishmania infantum infection have recently been reported in non-human primates (NHPs) in Spain causing severe clinical disease in critically endangered orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus). The aim of this study was to determine exposure and risk factors associated with L. infantum infection in NHPs housed in zoos and wildlife rescue centers (WRC) in Spain. Between 2007 and 2023, sera from 252 NHPs belonging to 47 different species were collected at 15 centers. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect the presence of antibodies against L. infantum (cut-off ≥1:80). In addition, hair samples from 78 individuals were tested for Leishmania kDNA by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 4.0 % (10/252; 95 %CI: 1.6–6.4) of the NHPs tested at 26.7 % (4/15) of the centers sampled. Twenty-two NHPs were longitudinally sampled between 2010 and 2023: one ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) seroconverted and a seropositive orangutan increased antibody titers during the study period. Leishmania infantum kDNA was found in 62.8 % (49/78; 95 %CI: 52.1–73.6) of animals and at all centers sampled (100 %; 7/7). Phylogenetic analysis revealed high homology between the sequence obtained and strains previously isolated in humans, dogs and captive and free-living wildlife species in Spain. To the authors´ knowledge, this is the first report of Leishmania kDNA detection in NHP hair samples. The results indicate that hair samples could be a useful, non-invasive method of detection of L. infantum infection in these species. This is also the first large-scale survey of L. infantum conducted in NHP species in Europe. We report for the first time the presence of Leishmania kDNA in nine different NHP species belonging to the families Cercopithecidae, Lemuridae, and Hylobatidae, expanding the host range for this parasite. The main risk factors associated with L. infantum infection were: age (≥5 years old) and body size (large). Our results demonstrate widespread circulation of this parasite among NHPs housed in Spain, which could be of conservation and public health concern. Monitoring and control programs should be implemented in zoos and WRCs to minimize the risk of NHP exposure to L. infantum in endemic areas worldwide.

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来源期刊

Research in veterinary science 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

312

审稿时长

75 days

期刊介绍： Research in Veterinary Science is an International multi-disciplinary journal publishing original articles, reviews and short communications of a high scientific and ethical standard in all aspects of veterinary and biomedical research. The primary aim of the journal is to inform veterinary and biomedical scientists of significant advances in veterinary and related research through prompt publication and dissemination. Secondly, the journal aims to provide a general multi-disciplinary forum for discussion and debate of news and issues concerning veterinary science. Thirdly, to promote the dissemination of knowledge to a broader range of professions, globally. High quality papers on all species of animals are considered, particularly those considered to be of high scientific importance and originality, and with interdisciplinary interest. The journal encourages papers providing results that have clear implications for understanding disease pathogenesis and for the development of control measures or treatments, as well as those dealing with a comparative biomedical approach, which represents a substantial improvement to animal and human health. Studies without a robust scientific hypothesis or that are preliminary, or of weak originality, as well as negative results, are not appropriate for the journal. Furthermore, observational approaches, case studies or field reports lacking an advancement in general knowledge do not fall within the scope of the journal.