Safety of Postembolization Antithrombotic Therapy After Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.

Background and objectives: Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for the management of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has been suggested as a preferred treatment in patients where reinitiating antithrombotic (AT) therapy is necessary. In this study, we evaluate whether reinitiating AT therapy before cSDH resolution after MMAE affects radiographic and clinical resolution.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent MMAE at our institution between 2018 and 2024. Clinical and radiographic findings were analyzed with standard statistical approaches. Kaplan-Meier curves for nonresolution compared AT and no-AT groups and compared AT resumption before and after 30 days after surgery.

Results: In 111 MMAE procedures, the median age was 73 years, 27.9% were female, and 80.6% were White. The median follow-up was 5.1 months. Forty-six patients (41.4%) demonstrated complete resolution of their cSDH. Eleven patients (9.9%) had reoperation after MMAE. The median cSDH depth was 14.0 mm, and the median midline shift was 3.0 mm. Thirty-two patients (28.8%) resumed AT before resolution. The median time to resumption was 35.5 days. Patients in the AT group were less likely to have radiographic resolution (21.9% vs 49.4%, odds ratios = 0.2872, 95% CI = 0.1113-0.7404, P = .0103) but comparable rates of reoperation and residual symptomatic presentations. Resumption of AT therapy before or after 30 days from surgery had no effects on outcome measures on univariate analysis. Major outcomes were similar between patients receiving antiplatelet-only or anticoagulant-only medications.

Conclusion: Reinitiating AT therapy before cSDH resolution was associated with decreased rates of resolution, but comparable rates of reoperation and residual symptoms. Our results support the cautious reinitiation of AT therapy in patients requiring it after MMAE.