Optical force and torque in near-field excitation of C3H6: A first-principles study using RT-TDDFT.

Optical trapping is an effective tool for manipulating micrometer-sized particles, although its application to nanometer-sized particles remains difficult. The field of optical trapping has advanced significantly, incorporating more advanced techniques such as plasmonic structures. However, single-molecule trapping remains a challenge. To achieve a deeper understanding of optical forces acting on molecular systems, a first-principles approach to analyze the optical force on molecules interacting with a plasmonic field is crucial. In our study, the optical force and torque induced by the near-field excitation of C3H6 were investigated using real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations on real-space grids. The near field from the scanning tunneling probe was adopted as the excitation source for the molecule. The optical force was calculated using the polarization charges induced in the molecule based on Lorentz force. While the optical force and torque calculated as functions of the light energy were in moderate agreement with the oscillator strengths obtained from the far-field excitation of C3H6, a closer correspondence was achieved with the power spectrum of the induced dipole moment using near-field excitation. Time-domain analysis of the optical force suggests that the simultaneous excitation of multiple excited states generally weakens the force because of mismatches between the directions of the induced polarization and the electric field. This study revealed a subtle damping mechanism for the optical force arising from intrinsic electronic states and the influence of beating.