{"title":"用芳香茜草、细辛和绿色银纳米粒子增强藻酸盐牙膏：自然强化法实现卓越的感染控制。","authors":"Lamia Singer, Leonie Beuter, Sabina Karacic, Gabriele Bierbaum, Jesenko Karacic, Christoph Bourauel","doi":"10.3390/gels10090600","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study addresses the challenge of cross-infection in dentistry, focusing on improving disinfection protocols for dental hydrocolloid gel materials. This research aimed to incorporate chlorhexidine, natural plant extracts, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into dental alginate to enhance safety and hygiene standards in dental practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conventional dental alginate served as the control, with experimental groups including alginate modified with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-group) and alginate incorporating AgNPs synthesized from <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (<i>SA</i>) and <i>Zingiber officinale</i> (<i>ZO</i>) extracts (SA + AgNPs and ZO + AgNPs groups). Plant extracts were analyzed via GC/MS to confirm their composition. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX characterized the synthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial efficacy against <i>Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans</i>, and methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated using agar well diffusion assays. The dimensional accuracy of alginate impressions was assessed according to ISO 21563:2021 standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chemical analysis of <i>SA</i> and <i>ZO</i> extracts identified 60 and 43 active compounds, respectively, supporting their use in AgNP synthesis. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs using <i>SA</i> and <i>ZO</i> extracts. Modified groups showed inhibitory activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MSSA), in contrast to the unmodified control. Both AgNP-modified groups demonstrated efficacy comparable to the CHX-group against MRSA and MSSA, with SA + AgNP showing superior performance against <i>C. albicans</i>. The dimensional accuracy of all groups was within clinically acceptable ranges as reported in the literature (0.027-0.083 mm).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CHX, silver nitrate, and green-synthesized AgNPs present promising options for developing self-disinfecting alginate impression materials. Utilizing plant extracts in AgNP synthesis offers a safe, efficient, and synergistic approach between metal ions and phytotherapeutic agents. This approach could potentially enhance disinfection efficacy without compromising material performance, improving dental safety and hygiene.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431363/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Enhancing Dental Alginate with <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>, <i>Zingiber officinale</i> and Green Silver Nanoparticles: A Nature-Enhanced Approach for Superior Infection Control.\",\"authors\":\"Lamia Singer, Leonie Beuter, Sabina Karacic, Gabriele Bierbaum, Jesenko Karacic, Christoph Bourauel\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/gels10090600\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study addresses the challenge of cross-infection in dentistry, focusing on improving disinfection protocols for dental hydrocolloid gel materials. This research aimed to incorporate chlorhexidine, natural plant extracts, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into dental alginate to enhance safety and hygiene standards in dental practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conventional dental alginate served as the control, with experimental groups including alginate modified with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-group) and alginate incorporating AgNPs synthesized from <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (<i>SA</i>) and <i>Zingiber officinale</i> (<i>ZO</i>) extracts (SA + AgNPs and ZO + AgNPs groups). Plant extracts were analyzed via GC/MS to confirm their composition. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX characterized the synthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial efficacy against <i>Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans</i>, and methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated using agar well diffusion assays. The dimensional accuracy of alginate impressions was assessed according to ISO 21563:2021 standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chemical analysis of <i>SA</i> and <i>ZO</i> extracts identified 60 and 43 active compounds, respectively, supporting their use in AgNP synthesis. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs using <i>SA</i> and <i>ZO</i> extracts. Modified groups showed inhibitory activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MSSA), in contrast to the unmodified control. Both AgNP-modified groups demonstrated efficacy comparable to the CHX-group against MRSA and MSSA, with SA + AgNP showing superior performance against <i>C. albicans</i>. The dimensional accuracy of all groups was within clinically acceptable ranges as reported in the literature (0.027-0.083 mm).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CHX, silver nitrate, and green-synthesized AgNPs present promising options for developing self-disinfecting alginate impression materials. Utilizing plant extracts in AgNP synthesis offers a safe, efficient, and synergistic approach between metal ions and phytotherapeutic agents. This approach could potentially enhance disinfection efficacy without compromising material performance, improving dental safety and hygiene.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12506,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Gels\",\"volume\":\"10 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431363/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Gels\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090600\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"POLYMER SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gels","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090600","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
研究目的本研究针对牙科中交叉感染的挑战，重点是改进牙科水胶体凝胶材料的消毒方案。本研究旨在将洗必泰、天然植物提取物和绿色合成的银纳米粒子（AgNPs）加入牙科海藻酸盐中，以提高牙科实践中的安全和卫生标准：传统的牙科海藻酸盐作为对照组，实验组包括用 0.2% 洗必泰改性的海藻酸盐（CHX 组），以及加入由芳香茜草（SA）和欧当归（ZO）提取物合成的 AgNPs 的海藻酸盐（SA + AgNPs 组和 ZO + AgNPs 组）。植物提取物通过气相色谱/质谱仪进行分析，以确认其成分。紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电离辐射显微镜对合成的 AgNPs 进行了表征。使用琼脂井扩散试验评估了对白色念珠菌、变异链球菌、耐甲氧西林和对甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果。根据 ISO 21563:2021 标准评估了藻酸盐印模的尺寸精度：结果：SA 和 ZO 提取物的化学分析分别鉴定出 60 和 43 种活性化合物，支持它们在 AgNP 合成中的应用。紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电离氧化物显微镜证实了使用 SA 和 ZO 提取物形成的球形 AgNPs。与未修饰的对照组相比，修饰组对变异链球菌、耐甲氧西林（MRSA）和甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）具有抑制活性。AgNP 改性组对 MRSA 和 MSSA 的疗效与 CHX 组相当，而 SA + AgNP 组对白葡萄球菌的疗效则更胜一筹。所有组的尺寸精度都在文献报道的临床可接受范围内（0.027-0.083 毫米）：讨论：CHX、硝酸银和绿色合成的 AgNPs 为开发自消毒藻酸盐印模材料提供了很好的选择。在 AgNP 合成过程中利用植物提取物提供了一种安全、高效、金属离子与植物治疗剂协同作用的方法。这种方法有可能在不影响材料性能的情况下提高消毒效果，从而改善牙科安全和卫生状况。
Enhancing Dental Alginate with Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and Green Silver Nanoparticles: A Nature-Enhanced Approach for Superior Infection Control.
Objectives: The study addresses the challenge of cross-infection in dentistry, focusing on improving disinfection protocols for dental hydrocolloid gel materials. This research aimed to incorporate chlorhexidine, natural plant extracts, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into dental alginate to enhance safety and hygiene standards in dental practices.
Methods: Conventional dental alginate served as the control, with experimental groups including alginate modified with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-group) and alginate incorporating AgNPs synthesized from Syzygium aromaticum (SA) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) extracts (SA + AgNPs and ZO + AgNPs groups). Plant extracts were analyzed via GC/MS to confirm their composition. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX characterized the synthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial efficacy against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using agar well diffusion assays. The dimensional accuracy of alginate impressions was assessed according to ISO 21563:2021 standards.
Results: Chemical analysis of SA and ZO extracts identified 60 and 43 active compounds, respectively, supporting their use in AgNP synthesis. UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs using SA and ZO extracts. Modified groups showed inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), in contrast to the unmodified control. Both AgNP-modified groups demonstrated efficacy comparable to the CHX-group against MRSA and MSSA, with SA + AgNP showing superior performance against C. albicans. The dimensional accuracy of all groups was within clinically acceptable ranges as reported in the literature (0.027-0.083 mm).
Discussion: CHX, silver nitrate, and green-synthesized AgNPs present promising options for developing self-disinfecting alginate impression materials. Utilizing plant extracts in AgNP synthesis offers a safe, efficient, and synergistic approach between metal ions and phytotherapeutic agents. This approach could potentially enhance disinfection efficacy without compromising material performance, improving dental safety and hygiene.
期刊介绍：
The journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861) is an international, open access journal on physical (supramolecular) and chemical gel-based materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Short communications, full research papers and review papers are accepted formats for the preparation of the manuscripts.
Gels aims to serve as a reference journal with a focus on gel materials for researchers working in both academia and industry. Therefore, papers demonstrating practical applications of these materials are particularly welcome. Occasionally, invited contributions (i.e., original research and review articles) on emerging issues and high-tech applications of gels are published as special issues.
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