Risk factors for unclear margin in cold snare polypectomy for colorectal polyp.

Objectives: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a common, simple, and safe procedure; however, it has a high rate of unclear margins. We analyzed the risk factors for unclear margins of colorectal polyp.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated colorectal polyps treated with CSP between July 2021 and July 2022, excluding those that could not be retrieved or pathologically nonneoplastic and hyperplastic polyps without margin evaluation. The clinicopathological features and risk factors for unclear margins were analyzed. Furthermore, the polyps were divided into two groups: those resected by experts and those resected by trainees. A 1 : 1 propensity score matching was performed. After matching, the risk factors for unclear margins in each group were analyzed as secondary outcomes.

Results: We analyzed 237 patients with 572 polyps; the margins were negative in 58.6% (negative group) and unclear in 41.4% (unclear group). The unclear margin was significantly higher at straddling folds ( P  = 0.0001), flexure points ( P  = 0.005), and in the procedures performed by trainees ( P  < 0.0001). Altogether, 198 propensity score matched pairs were explored for secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences in risk factors for unclear margins in the expert group, while in the trainee group, the unclear margin was significantly higher at the straddling folds ( P  = 0.0004) and flexure points ( P  = 0.005).

Conclusions: We demonstrated that straddling folds, flexure points, and procedures performed by the trainees were significant risk factors for unclear margins, and we hypothesized that the rate of unclear margins will reduce as the trainees accumulate experience at difficult sites.