Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Periodontal Dressings: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in post-operative management of periodontal surgeries by protecting surgical sites and promoting wound healing. Biocompatibility evaluation is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these materials. This study aims to assess the biocompatibility of periodontal dressings through an in vitro approach.

Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, three commercially available periodontal dressings were evaluated for their biocompatibility. The Dressings were Dressing A: Coe-Pak^™ Dressing B: Barricaid^® and Dressing C: PeriAcryl^®. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured and exposed to extracts of the dressings using the MTT assay to assess cell viability. Additionally, cell morphology and attachment were observed under a microscope. The experiment was conducted in triplicate for each dressing.

Results: The MTT assay revealed that Dressing A exhibited the highest cell viability with an absorbance value of 0.8 ± 0.1, followed by Dressing B with a value of 0.6 ± 0.2 and Dressing C with a value of 0.5 ± 0.1. Microscopic analysis showed normal cell morphology and attachment in cells exposed to Dressing A and Dressing B extracts, while cells exposed to Dressing C exhibited slight detachment and irregular morphology.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Dressing A and Dressing B demonstrate favorable biocompatibility profiles, as evidenced by higher cell viability and normal cell morphology.