Prenatal exposure to undernutrition is associated with a specific lipid profile predicting future brain aging.

Prenatal adversity affects cognitive and brain aging. Both lipid and leptin concentrations may be involved. We investigated if prenatal undernutrition is associated with a specific blood lipid profile and/or leptin concentrations, and if these relate to cognitive function and brain aging. 801 plasma samples of members of the Dutch famine birth cohort were assessed for lipidomics and leptin at age 58. Cognitive performance was measured with a Stroop task at 58, and MRI-based BrainAGE was derived in a subsample at 68. Out of 259 lipid signals, a signature of five identified individuals who were undernourished prenatally. These five lipids were not associated with cognitive performance, but three were predictive of BrainAGE. Leptin was not associated with prenatal famine exposure, Stroop performance, or BrainAGE. In conclusion, prenatal undernutrition was associated with an altered lipid profile predictive of BrainAGE 10 years later, demonstrating the potential of lipid profiles as early biomarkers for accelerated brain aging.