提高妊娠期创伤性心血管衰竭产妇的存活率:来自一级创伤中心的复苏性子宫切开术(RH)病例系列。

Neha Aftab, Dia R Halalmeh, Antonia Vrana, Chase Smitterberg, James A Cranford, Gul R Sachwani-Daswani
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:由于妊娠引起的生理适应会影响对创伤的反应,妊娠期创伤会给发育中的胎儿和孕妇带来多方面的风险。由于妊娠期心脏骤停的发生率较低,因此有必要采取一些干预措施,如剖宫产术(PMCS),即现在的复苏性子宫切除术。早期的复苏性剖宫产术主要关注胎儿的存活率,而最近的文献报道则认为这对孕产妇大有裨益。复苏性子宫切除术可在几分钟内恢复产妇的脉搏和血压,并显示出改善产妇预后的潜力。事实证明,在心血管功能衰竭前,对血流动力学不稳定的孕妇进行 RH 有助于胎儿和产妇的存活。从 PMCS 到复苏性子宫切开术在语言上的变化是向以产妇为中心的方法和存活率的转变:在本系列研究中,我们评估了在心血管功能衰竭之前或之后实施复苏性子宫切除术的结果,以最大限度地提高母体存活率,同时优化胎儿的预后:我们对连续 4 例因血流动力学不稳定而接受 RH 的妊娠创伤患者进行了回顾性病例系列回顾。此外,我们还对 2013 年至 2024 年 5 月期间所有因外伤就诊但无需接受 RH 的妊娠患者进行了描述性分析:结果:接受急诊室手术的患者平均年龄为(26.5 ± 6.8)岁。所有患者均处于孕晚期,平均孕周(32.3 ± 0.5)周。50%的患者发生过车祸,1名(25%)行人被车撞伤,1名(25%)头部有一般脑损伤。到达急诊室的中位时间为14.5分钟。估计平均失血量(EBL)为625毫升±108.9毫升。产妇存活率为50%,胎儿存活率为100%。三名患者的血流动力学稳定,但其中一名患者因神经系统疾病死亡。因此,我们的产妇存活率为 50%。由于三名患者出现了产妇失血性休克的早期征兆和持续出血的提示性特征(在充分镇痛和复苏的情况下产妇仍持续心动过速、产妇持续心动过缓、血压逐渐下降和 FHR 异常),我们对他们进行了复苏性子宫切除术。剩下的一名患者在现场被发现心脏骤停,但短暂恢复了自主循环,在急诊室接受了复苏性子宫切除术以恢复心血管功能:结论:对受到外伤、即将发生失血性休克或心血管功能衰竭的孕妇实施 RH,可通过支持循环功能和促进复苏而为产妇的生存带来益处,同时不会对胎儿的预后造成额外风险。快速决策是实施这一救生程序的关键。需要对更多患者进行进一步研究,以验证 RH 在最大限度提高产妇存活率方面的功效。本系列病例为不断发展的 RH 文献增添了新的内容,揭示了实际操作方面的问题和孕产妇的结局,为正在进行的孕产妇心肺复苏讨论和策略提供了参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Enhancing maternal survival in traumatic cardiovascular collapse during pregnancy: A case series on resuscitative hysterotomy (RH) from a level 1 trauma center.

Background: Trauma during pregnancy presents multifaceted risks to both the developing fetus and the expectant mother due to pregnancy-induced physiological adaptations that affect the response to traumatic injuries. The infrequent occurrence of cardiac arrest during pregnancy necessitates interventions such as perimortem cesarean section (PMCS), now termed resuscitative hysterotomy. While early resuscitative hysterotomy focused primarily on fetal survival, more recent literature reports substantial maternal benefits. Resuscitative hysterotomy can lead to the restoration of maternal pulse and blood pressure within minutes and has shown potential to improve maternal outcomes. RH has been demonstrated to aid in fetal and maternal survival in hemodynamic unstable pregnant patients before cardiovascular collapse. The linguistic change from PMCS to resuscitative hysterotomy is a shift towards maternal-centric approaches and survival.

Objective: In this series, we evaluate the outcomes of resuscitative hysterotomy performed before or after cardiovascular collapse to maximize maternal survival while concurrently optimizing fetal outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case series review of 4 consecutive pregnant trauma patients who underwent RH due to hemodynamic instability. In addition, we conducted a descriptive analysis of all pregnant patients from 2013 to May 2024 who presented due to a traumatic injury but did not require a RH.

Results: The average age of patients undergoing RH was 26.5 ± 6.8 years. All patients were in the third trimester with a mean gestational age of 32.3 ± 0.5 weeks. Fifty percent (50 %) of patients were involved in motor vehicle accidents, one (25 %) pedestrian was hit by a vehicle, and one (25 %) had GSW to the head. The median time to RH was 14.5 min. The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 625 mL ±108.9 mL. The maternal survival rate was 50 %, with a fetal survival rate of 100 %. Three patients achieved hemodynamic stability; however, one of the patients progressed to death by neurological criteria. Therefore, we achieved 50 % of maternal survival. A resuscitative hysterotomy was performed due to early signs of maternal hemorrhagic shock and suggestive features of ongoing bleeding (persistent maternal tachycardia despite adequate analgesia and resuscitation, persistent maternal bradycardia, gradual decline of BP, and FHR abnormalities) in three patients. The remaining patient was found to have cardiac arrest at the scene with a brief return of spontaneous circulation and received resuscitative hysterotomy in the ED to restore cardiovascular function.

Conclusion: RH in pregnant patients with traumatic injury and impending hemorrhagic shock or cardiovascular collapse may provide maternal survival benefits by supporting circulatory function and promoting resuscitation with no additional risks to fetal outcomes. Quick decision-making is crucial to the implementation of this life-saving procedure. Further research with a more significant number of patients is needed to validate the efficacy of RH in maximizing maternal survival. This case series adds to the evolving literature on RH, shedding light on practical aspects and maternal outcomes to inform ongoing discussions and strategies for maternal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

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