Ursula Ladinig, Elvira Hörandl, Simone Klatt, Johanna Wagner
{"title":"高山植物物种 Ranunculus kuepferi 在气候海拔梯度中的繁殖表现:雌雄同株的四倍体与有性的二倍体相比并不表现出普遍的适合度优势。","authors":"Ursula Ladinig, Elvira Hörandl, Simone Klatt, Johanna Wagner","doi":"10.3390/life14091202","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies on the mountain plant <i>Ranunculus kuepferi</i> concluded that apomictic self-compatible tetraploids have experienced a niche shift toward a colder climate during the Holocene, which suggests a fitness advantage over the sexual, self-sterile diploid parents under cold and stressful high-mountain conditions. However, there is still a lack of information on whether reproductive development would be advantageous for tetraploids. Here, we report on microsporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the dynamics of flower and seed development, and the consequences for reproductive success in a common garden experiment along a 1000 m climatic elevation gradient and in natural populations. Flower buds were initiated in the year preceding anthesis and passed winter in a pre-meiotic stage. Flower morphology differed in the known cytotype-specific way in that tetraploid flowers produced about twice as many carpels and fewer petals, stamens, and pollen grains than diploid flowers. Tetraploids developed precociously aposporous embryo sacs and showed a high rate of developmental disturbances. Sexual seed formation prevailed in diploids and pseudogamous apomixis in tetraploids. Along the elevation gradient, stigma pollen load, pollen performance, and seed output decreased. Combinations of reproductive traits, namely, bypass of meiosis irregularities and uniparental reproduction, might have promoted the vast expansion of apomictic <i>R. kuepferi</i> lines across the European Alps.</p>","PeriodicalId":56144,"journal":{"name":"Life-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11433044/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Reproductive Performance of the Alpine Plant Species <i>Ranunculus kuepferi</i> in a Climatic Elevation Gradient: Apomictic Tetraploids Do Not Show a General Fitness Advantage over Sexual Diploids.\",\"authors\":\"Ursula Ladinig, Elvira Hörandl, Simone Klatt, Johanna Wagner\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/life14091202\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Previous studies on the mountain plant <i>Ranunculus kuepferi</i> concluded that apomictic self-compatible tetraploids have experienced a niche shift toward a colder climate during the Holocene, which suggests a fitness advantage over the sexual, self-sterile diploid parents under cold and stressful high-mountain conditions. However, there is still a lack of information on whether reproductive development would be advantageous for tetraploids. Here, we report on microsporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the dynamics of flower and seed development, and the consequences for reproductive success in a common garden experiment along a 1000 m climatic elevation gradient and in natural populations. Flower buds were initiated in the year preceding anthesis and passed winter in a pre-meiotic stage. Flower morphology differed in the known cytotype-specific way in that tetraploid flowers produced about twice as many carpels and fewer petals, stamens, and pollen grains than diploid flowers. Tetraploids developed precociously aposporous embryo sacs and showed a high rate of developmental disturbances. Sexual seed formation prevailed in diploids and pseudogamous apomixis in tetraploids. Along the elevation gradient, stigma pollen load, pollen performance, and seed output decreased. Combinations of reproductive traits, namely, bypass of meiosis irregularities and uniparental reproduction, might have promoted the vast expansion of apomictic <i>R. kuepferi</i> lines across the European Alps.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56144,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Life-Basel\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11433044/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Life-Basel\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091202\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Life-Basel","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091202","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
之前对山地植物 Ranunculus kuepferi 的研究得出结论,在全新世期间,无性自交的四倍体经历了向寒冷气候的生态位转移,这表明在寒冷和压力巨大的高山条件下,有性自交的二倍体亲本具有适应优势。然而,关于生殖发育对四倍体是否有利的信息仍然缺乏。在此,我们报告了沿 1000 米气候海拔梯度的普通花园实验和自然种群中的微孢子发生、巨雄蕊发生、花和种子发育动态以及对繁殖成功率的影响。花芽在开花前一年萌发,并在减数分裂前期过冬。四倍体花朵的心皮数量是二倍体花朵的两倍,花瓣、雄蕊和花粉粒数量则少于二倍体花朵。四倍体的胚囊早熟,发育障碍率高。二倍体中以有性种子形成为主,四倍体中以假两性无性繁殖为主。沿着海拔梯度,柱头花粉量、花粉性能和种子产量都有所下降。减数分裂的不规则性和单亲繁殖的结合可能促进了无性繁殖 R. kuepferi 品系在欧洲阿尔卑斯山的大规模扩展。
Reproductive Performance of the Alpine Plant Species Ranunculus kuepferi in a Climatic Elevation Gradient: Apomictic Tetraploids Do Not Show a General Fitness Advantage over Sexual Diploids.
Previous studies on the mountain plant Ranunculus kuepferi concluded that apomictic self-compatible tetraploids have experienced a niche shift toward a colder climate during the Holocene, which suggests a fitness advantage over the sexual, self-sterile diploid parents under cold and stressful high-mountain conditions. However, there is still a lack of information on whether reproductive development would be advantageous for tetraploids. Here, we report on microsporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the dynamics of flower and seed development, and the consequences for reproductive success in a common garden experiment along a 1000 m climatic elevation gradient and in natural populations. Flower buds were initiated in the year preceding anthesis and passed winter in a pre-meiotic stage. Flower morphology differed in the known cytotype-specific way in that tetraploid flowers produced about twice as many carpels and fewer petals, stamens, and pollen grains than diploid flowers. Tetraploids developed precociously aposporous embryo sacs and showed a high rate of developmental disturbances. Sexual seed formation prevailed in diploids and pseudogamous apomixis in tetraploids. Along the elevation gradient, stigma pollen load, pollen performance, and seed output decreased. Combinations of reproductive traits, namely, bypass of meiosis irregularities and uniparental reproduction, might have promoted the vast expansion of apomictic R. kuepferi lines across the European Alps.
Life-BaselBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
1798
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍:
Life (ISSN 2075-1729) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in Life Sciences, especially those concerned with the origins of life and evolution of biosystems. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers.