Evaluation of photovoltaic installation potential in industrial complexes around metropolitan areas: Regulatory obstacles and geographical considerations

The assessment of photovoltaic (PV) installation potential in industrial complexes is critical for advancing renewable energy objectives, particularly in urbanized settings like Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. This study examines the complex interaction of geographical, regulatory, and environmental factors affecting PV feasibility across 193 industrial complexes. Employing a GIS-based methodology, the research evaluates available rooftop and general land areas totaling 47.3 km², estimating a PV capacity potential of 3.72 GW. Despite significant rooftop spaces predominantly on concrete structures (10 km²), stringent setback regulations present substantial obstacles, particularly in areas such as Ansan. General land sites covering 16.6 km² offer promising prospects, notably in Pyeongtaek. Current regulatory challenges, including setback regulations, impede the realization of the targeted 3.8 GW PV capacity, highlighting the potential benefits of policy reforms to facilitate deployment. This study underscores PV's pivotal role in sustainable energy transitions and advocates for strategic reforms to align regulatory frameworks with renewable energy aspirations. By integrating GIS analyses with regulatory insights, the study informs spatial planning initiatives essential for scaling up solar energy contributions in industrial contexts, supporting informed decision-making toward achieving a low-carbon future.