利基广度专业化影响环境变化后的生态和进化适应性

Cécile Gubry-Rangin, Axel Aigle, Leonel Herrera-Alsina, Lesley T Lancaster, James I Prosser
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摘要

无利益冲突生态理论预测,生物的分布和数量取决于适应环境变化的能力。该理论还预测,真核生物中的专性生物和通性生物将分别在极端环境中或环境变化后占据主导地位。这一理论在原核生物(尤其是古细菌)中很少受到关注,而古细菌是全球生物地球化学循环的主要驱动力。我们利用 pH 生态位广度作为特化因素,在潮气古菌中检验了这一概念。我们在长期控制 pH 值的土壤地块中,根据经验确定了古细菌的生长和活动对 pH 值干扰的反应。在 pH 值范围内,专性和通性的分布并不均衡,专性更多局限于极端范围。然而,除了导致更极端条件的环境变化外,通性植物对环境变化的适应性要强于专性植物。在整个进化史中,我们进一步研究了在更长的时间尺度上通性和专性之间的平衡。特异和通才的多样化速度相似,反映了每种策略的均衡益处,但从通才到特异的过渡率高于反向过渡率,表明代谢特异性比代谢多功能性更容易获得。这项研究为原核生物的一个重要生态概念提供了证据,极大地扩展了我们对古细菌适应环境变化的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Niche breadth specialisation impacts ecological and evolutionary adaptation following environmental change
None declared.Conflicts of interestEcological theory predicts that organismal distribution and abundance depend on the ability to adapt to environmental change. It also predicts that eukaryotic specialists and generalists will dominate in extreme environments or following environmental change, respectively. This theory has attracted little attention in prokaryotes, especially in archaea, which drive major global biogeochemical cycles. We tested this concept in Thaumarchaeota using pH niche breadth as a specialisation factor. Responses of archaeal growth and activity to pH disturbance were determined empirically in manipulated, long-term, pH-maintained soil plots. The distribution of specialists and generalists was uneven over the pH range, with specialists being more limited to the extreme range. Nonetheless, adaptation of generalists to environmental change was greater than that of specialists, except for environmental changes leading to more extreme conditions. The balance of generalism and specialism over longer timescales was further investigated across evolutionary history. Specialists and generalists diversified at similar rates, reflecting balanced benefits of each strategy, but a higher transition rate from generalists to specialists than the reverse was demonstrated, suggesting that metabolic specialism is more easily gained than metabolic versatility. This study provides evidence for a crucial ecological concept in prokaryotes, significantly extending our understanding of archaeal adaptation to environmental change.
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